Benchmark state-of-the-art organizational process improvements Research Paper

Benchmark state-of-the-art organizational process improvements - Research Paper Example These include implementation of the Triple Bottom Line (TBL), Sustainability and Corporate Responsibility (CSR) and organizational change principles. The plan is to use Prosci’s change management methodology and the recommendations include changing the leadership style, using the Corporate KSAO (knowledge, skills, ability and other characteristics) during the employment process and facilitating learning rather than training for all employees. As a result, CF&F will improve its performance, profit margins, communication strategy, employer to employee relationship and an organizational culture that integrates both individual and organizational change management. Introduction Custom Food and Feed Corporation (CF&F) specializes in the production and marketing of food and ingredients for animal feed. The Corporation faces an array of allegations including mismanagement, failure to adhere to stipulated federal and state regulations on safety, quality and environment, noncompliance w ith the federal and state labor laws and unfair HR practices. As a result, CF&F has been under investigation for the last 10 years. This has resulted to creation of poor public image, loss of market share, nosedive in its performance and a drastic drop in profits. In order to counteract the negativity associated with the Corporation a new CEO was appointed to oversee it through a change process. The CEO mandated the president to do an analysis of the organization’s culture to detect the source of the allegations. This responsibility was then delegated to the vice president who decided to do the corporate research on the tech division. This is the newest addition in the Corporation. It runs seven lines of production on a daily basis for 24 hours where fermentation process is used to change dextrose (sugar) into a myriad of feed ingredients (if care is not taken microbes especially salmonella which pose grave health concerns can easily grow). The workforce at the tech division comprises of 92 managers and 300 employees. After the analysis, it was detected that the tech division did not adhere to the stipulated quality, safety and environmental standards. It was also determined that there is a poor employer-employee relationship because of the style of leadership used. The managers implemented an authoritarian leadership strategy which had only managed to build barriers between the management and the employees. In fact, the employees were not at all empowered since they worked under pressure and were not free to air their views and concerns. As a result, employees were opting for unionizing. Another source of the allegations was from the fact that the production decisions made by the managers were implemented by supervisors who had been given the promotional rank without consideration of the Corporations KSAO (Knowledge, Skills, Abilities and Other characteristics) guidelines. In fact, it was determined that the tech division was highly infested with nepot ism. On the other hand, the promoted employees were not subjected to any training that would nurture their competence and leadership skills. Moreover, it is the duty of the managers to ensure the given directions are appropriately implemented. In addition, the human resource manager oversees all the human resource activities of all the divisions in the Corporatio

Campare Sonnet Essay Example for Free

Campare Sonnet Essay Shall I compare you to a summers day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate:| You are more lovely and more constant:| Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,| Rough winds shake the beloved buds of May| And summers lease hath all too short a date: | And summer is far too short:| Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,| At times the sun is too hot,| And often is his gold complexion dimmd; | Or often goes behind the clouds;| And every fair from fair sometime declines,| And everything beautiful sometime will lose its beauty, By chance or natures changing course untrimmd;| By misfortune or by natures planned out course. But thy eternal summer shall not fade | But your youth shall not fade,| Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest;| Nor will you lose the beauty that you possess;| Nor shall Death brag thou wanderst in his shade,| Nor will death claim you for his own,| When in eternal lines to time thou growest:| Because in my eternal verse you will live forever. | So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,| So long as there are people on this earth,| So long lives this and this gives life to thee. So long will this poem live on, making you immortal| My mistress eyes are nothing like the sun;| My mistresss eyes are nothing like the sun;| Coral is far more red than her lips red;| Coral is far more red than her lips;| If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun; | If snow is white, then her breasts are a brownish gray;| If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head. | If hairs are like wires, hers are black and not golden. I have seen roses damaskd, red and white,| I have seen damask roses, re d and white [streaked],| But no such roses see I in her cheeks; | But I do not see such colors in her cheeks;| And in some perfumes is there more delight | And some perfumes give more delight| Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks. | Than the horrid breath of my mistress. | I love to hear her speak, yet well I know | I love to hear her speak, but I know| That music hath a far more pleasing sound;| That music has a more pleasing sound. I grant I never saw a goddess go;| Ive never seen a goddess walk;| My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground:| But I know that my mistress walks only on the ground. | And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare | And yet I think my love as rare| As any she belied with false compare. | As any woman who has been misrepresented by | The sonnet 18 is a Shakespeare’s early love poem which is about affection of a young man to his beloved. It starts with the genuine question, â€Å"shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? † The speaker is thinking about his lover’s beauty rather than putting her poem in a conventional love poem formula. Then, he points out her lover’s beauty was more beautiful and constant than a summer day; her beauty was eternal and would be preserved in the lines of this poem. However, Sonnet 130 is a more convincing love poem because it is more descriptive and realistic in depicting his lover which shows that his love is more sincere and everlasting. Sonnet 18 is about the feeling of perfection of his lover’s beauty while sonnet 130 is about the real appearances of her mistress. In sonnet 18 the speaker says, â€Å"Shall I compare thee to a summers day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate:† Although summer is pleasant season, the speaker never talks about how his lover is like a summer day nor how she was more lovely. He did not give life to his lover because we can use this poem to mostly every woman in the world; he does not specifically describe his lover. In sonnet 130, the speaker explicit states what his mistress looks like. The speaker says, â€Å"My mistress eyes are nothing like the sun;/Coral is far more red than her lips red;/If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun; /If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head. It explicitly describes his lover in an honest way. Although love poems often use sun, snow and beautiful objects to praise the beauty of their subject, realistic love is not about an idealized sense of beauty. A person cannot love another one simply because they are physically beautiful. We think that the women with red lips, white skin and gold hair are beautiful, but does it mean the women that having â€Å"not so† red lips, brownish skin, and black hair are not beautiful? Beauty is subjective. When people love someone, they would define beauty by his/her st andard. By describing in detail of his lover’s appearance, the speaker of sonnet 130 really know his lover. Love is not only about the feeling of a warm sunny summer day, but know a person as a distinguish individual. Sonnet 130 make his lover feel special and superior because the speaker pay quite attention to her actual appearance, and honestly writes it down in a poem. It also gives her the sense of security because she knows he loves her for who she is and she does not need to pretend to be a perfect figure nor be an everlasting summer day. Sonnet 130 ses reality to prove the speakers love while sonnet 18 uses exaggeration. Sonnet 18 illustrates only the speaker’s love for his beloved’s beauty while in sonnet 130 illustrates more sincere love for her mistress even though she is not perfect. In sonnet 18, the speaker claim his lover was eternal by saying, â€Å"By chance or natures changing course untrimmd;/But thy eternal summer shall not fade /Nor lose possession o f that fair thou owest;/ Nor shall Death brag thou wanderst in his shade,† The speaker praise that her beauty stronger than the nature. Although the speaker values her beauty greatly and even believed her is beauty has the power to overturn the nature, it is only his wish and imagination that her beauty would not change. It will not be convincing to a woman since they consciously know that appearance will change. His lover will feel that the speaker only focuses on her beauty, but not anything else. In sonnet 130, the speaker states, â€Å"I love to hear her speak†. The speaker loves her thinking, her opinions and her intellects. The speaker values her thought which is not very common even in current society. Relationship is about equality and respect. Many men treat women as an object that has nothing inside. Even in sonnet 18, the speaker compares his lover as an eternal summer which also an object. Then, the speaker says, â€Å"I grant I never saw a goddess go;/My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground:† . The speaker wants to compare his mistress with a goddess as many sonnets do, but he admits that he never saw one. It mocks that other poets are dishonest which compare their lover to a figure they never see. He emphasized the word â€Å"my mistress† which shows that he takes pride that this woman is his mistress as while as the ways his mistress is like. He shows that this poem is about her mistress but not anybody else, not even goddess can compare with his mistress. He cares only his mistress which makes her even superior to a goddess. He shows that although her mistress is not an immortal figure, but her mistress is special for him. Then, speaker of sonnet 130 transits his understanding of her mistress to his confession of love while in sonnet 18, the speaker transits his lover’s beauty to mortality. The speaker of sonnet 18 uses poetry to eternalize his lover while in sonnet 130, the speaker shows that his love for her is eternal. In the end of sonnet 18, the speaker says, â€Å"So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, /So long lives this and this gives life to thee†. The life of the subject will be an endless summer, but only because the speaker has immortalized her in this poem, and only if people continue to read these verses. It makes the readers feel that the poem itself is greater than the subject. The poem builds up this subject with eternal beauty and the subject only lives in the poem. However, this poem is for a living woman, and she is not living by her beauty or by the poem. Every woman knows this poem cannot real give immorality to them because the readers do not even know who the subject is. Not only the woman reading this poem cannot relate herself to this poem, buy she also will feel the speaker’s love is unrealistic and superficial and will not last long. In contract, in sonnet 130, the speaker claims that â€Å"And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare†. His claim is convincing because in previous lines, he honestly depict his mistress and we expect he is honest when he says that he loves her. Furthermore, if his love for her is not because she is idealized beautiful since she is not, then he must love her because of her which we define as true love. His love would not fate with changing of appearance or time. His mistress would feel that she has the speaker’s heart forever. Sonnet 130 well proved the speaker’s love for her mistress; his love is about understanding and respect; his love is strong and everlasting. In contrast, sonnet 18 is more about the speaker’s passion to his lover’s beauty than his love for her as a whole individual. Many people say romantic love would last long. It is because that when people know each other well, their flaws would appear, and they are intolerance to these flaws. They would try everything to change each other to the way they want, but they most likely fail. Everyone is difference and not perfect, so when people love someone, they should acceptance their flaws.

Synthesis of a New Potential Herbicide

Synthesis of a New Potential Herbicide CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Background of Study Since the beginning of the world, every creature in the world consumes food in order to survive. They ingest creatures in the sea, animals on the ground, or even vegetables on the land. In the olden days, the vegetables that mankind intake is without adding of synthetic chemicals or in other words it is organic. The purpose of adding chemicals during the vegetation process in this era of modernisation is to overcome undesirable situation like remove unwanted plants and eliminating pest. These chemical is known as pesticides. Pesticide is defined as chemical used for plant suicide. Generally, pesticide can be separate into four categories. There are insecticide, herbicide, fungicide and bactericides. Pesticides have cause pollution to the environment. It also has an impact towards animals, plant and mankind. Pesticide is a type of persistent organic pollutant to the environment because it is hard to degrade. The physical properties have disallowed degradation to occur. Examples of pesticide are paraquat, diquat, and DDT (Hafiza, 2014). In order to produce food in high yield, weed control is used. It is to ensure the food produce is economical beneficiary. The most common weed control used is by the use of herbicide. It was because herbicide is easy to use and it is efficient (Lodovichi et. al., 2013; Pannell et al.,2004; Parsons et al., 2009). Herbicide can be categorised. Normally herbicide is categorised based on mode of action. The herbicide normally work based on inhibition of enzyme or inhibit mitosis to occur (Fujiwara, 2014). Mankind need to produce more food. It was because the world population will rise to 9.6 billion people (Fujiwara, 2014). The food mankind need is going to increase since everyone need food. Yet, there are still famine going on in this era of millennium. Just in Africa alone there are more than 18,000 people are starving. Just because of food shortage, most of the children die before them reaching at the age of 5 (Missionaries of Africa, n.d). The need of food have cause human to use herbicide extensively. The extensive use of a single herbicide had cause the weed in the field to be herbicide resistant. Herbicide resistant in weed will cause several implications. It will cause the need to change a brand new weed and crop management system, cost ineffective in weed management, reduce in herbicide choice and low productivity of crop (WSSA, 2011). Thus, mankind need to produce more food for the generation to come. Yet, a cheaper pesticide is need for weed control. However, the used of pesticide can alter the gene of weed and it will resist toward the herbicide and a new herbicide is needed. The scope of study is synthesis a herbicide. The herbicide is a derivative from benzaldehyde, cyclohexanone and phenyl hydrazine. The synthesis of the derivatives it will then be test with thin layer chromatography (TLC). After, it will separate by using a silica column. Then, it is tested with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to structural confirmation. At last but not the least, the synthesised structure is subjected to herbicide bioassay test. Significant of Study The significant of the study is to synthesis a new potential herbicide. The synthesis of the potential herbicide is to allow a new herbicide to be accomplished in the market with new mode of action. The last invention of herbicide is at 1980’s (WSSA, 2011). Most of the researchers have ford see the future and synthesis a lot of brand new technology in a lot of area. However, the urgent development of a new herbicide to enhance food productivity and quality had been a concern. Herbicide resistant had been a serious matter to the world as it will affect food productivity. In nationwide, there are approximately 80% of herbicide resistant crop due to extensively use of a single type of herbicide. In side of these 80% herbicide resistant crop there are more than 90% were glyphosate resistant while the remaining percentages glufosinate resistant (Duke,2014). Thus, the urge of synthesis a new herbicide is needed to allow more choice of herbicide. In a conclusion, the need to develop a new herbicide is needed. It is to overcome the problem of increasing need of food, to resolve famine in Africa and improve food quality. Objective of Study The Objective of study is as below: To synthesised benzyldehyde, cyclohexanone, and phenyl hydrazine derivatives as potential herbicide To develop a new herbicide to resolve the problem of herbicide resistant To characterise benzyldehyde, cyclohexanone and phenyl hydrazine derivatives To overcome the problem of herbicide resistance CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Pesticide Human have the greatest mind of all among animal range from bacteria to the largest animal in the world. Human is creative. Mankind likes to solve problem. When there is a problem mankind tends to find out the ways to resolve the problems. As an example, there is a species of pest in the house and human use pesticide to eliminate it. Pesticide is not something trendy in this era. It have been used since century ago and the animal that mankind label as pest can be kill by using pesticide. The history of pesticide can ancient Romans lived. In that era of time, sulfur is burned to eliminate insect pest and weed is controlled by using salt. Later at the 16th century, the ant which mankind label as pest is killed by using the mixture honey and arsenic mixture. In the 16 century also, the Chinese uses nicotine to control plum curculio(Hassall, 1990). Then, human in the 19th century try to develop an effective pesticide. To control pest the farmer in the field in that century used sulphur, copper acetoarsenite, nicotine sulphate and calcium arsenate as pesticide. However, the effects are not that effective (John, 2010). There a lot of chemicals was introduce at post-world war II. The chemicals included BHC, aldrin, endrin, dieldrin, DDT, and 2,4 D (Muir, 2012). These chemicals use widely in that era. DDT is used as pesticide because of cheap, high effective and low toxicology (John, 2010). Where 2,4-D(agent orange) is being used as a herbicide due to inexpensive, high effective and easy to apply. However, pesticide have cost a lot of problem nationwide. During the world war II America used this herbicide, agent orange to attack Vietnam. In 1960’s, there is a book named slient spring whom author name Racheal Carson have raise the awerenes toward the usage of herbicide. In the book of silent spring, the author explains the bioconcentration, bioaccumulation and biomagnifications through the food chain. Pesticide can be categorized into many categories. These included acaricide, antimicrobial, attractant, avicide, fungicide, herbicide, insecticide, molluscicide, nematicide, piscicide, repellent, redenticide, and synergist. Different type of herbicide will target different type of pest group (Delaplane, 1996). Diagram 1, Types of pesticide and it’s target group. Adopted from, Delaplane, K.S. in pesticide usage in the united states: history, benefits, risks and trends The usage of pesticide is wide. It can be use in agriculture, public health, industry, household, personal application and material building. Usage of pesticide in India Diagram 2, usage of pesticide in India Adopt from, Gupta, P.K.(2004), Pesticide Exposure- Indian scene 2.1.1 Role of Pesticide in Agiculture The widely used of pesticide has cause some benefits to the nation as well as world. It was because the crop production annually will drop when pesticide is not used. One research had been done that when pesticide is ban, the crop production in United State alone will drop 73 percent. The decreasing in the crop production of groundnuts, cotton and soybeans will lead to instability of crop. At the same time, the decrease in crop production will affect the price of food and the famine in the world will increase (Delaplane, 1996; Knutson et.al., 1990). It was because increases in food crop production, pesticide is use in most of the developed countries. The increase of food crop production is simply because the resistant for plant to grow is minimized. Weed growth, insect attack and fungi can affect the nutrient availability in the environment. By using pesticide, control of weed, insect and fungi can be done. Thus increase nutrients availability in the soil and it could maximised the condition for crop to grow (Hassall, 1980). 2.1.2 Effect of Pesticide Since the beginning of civilization, human want to enchanced their living condition. The enchancement of living included increase food production. The increase of food production can be enchanced by the used of pesticide. However, pesticide has cause serious problem (Gupta,2004 ; Gupta, 1989). The amount of pesticide in the environment may be little but It may post a threat. In India between the years of 1958 to 1992, there are a total of eight cases of pesticide poisoning in food (Gupta, 2004). Pesticide also post threat toward marine and fresh water living organism (Edge, et. al., 2014). There is a study in Tanzania shows that it is having a high concentration of pesticide. In this country, pesticide leak to the environement as a result from improper storage. It has cause pesticide to run off to the river. After the split, high concentration of pesticide is detected from soil ( Mahugijia et.al., 2013; Kishimba and Mihale, 2004). However, after 15 years the concentration of pesticide is still high in that area after the cleaning up process and the degradation of pesticide is found to be insignificant (Mahugija at. al., 2013). 2.2 Herbicide and It’s Mode of Actions Weed is defined as a wild plant growing where it is not wanted and in competition with cultivated plants (Soanes and Stevenson, 2009). The first man who use the term weed is Jethro TÃ…Â ±ll in his book name â€Å"The New Horse Hoeing Husbandary† in 1973. Jethro define weed as plant grow out of place, undesired plant on field, unwanted plant grow where it is not suppose to be, or plants and vegetation that obstruct plant growth. Thus, weed is undesirable plant growth (My agriculture information bank, 2011). The existence of weed will have impact toward crop. There is a case study in India that show interaction between weed and crop. The result shows a decrease in crop production. Whereby, wheat reduced by 15-30%, rice by 30-35%, maize, pulse, oilseed and sorghum reduces 18-85% each (Gupta, 2007; Mukhopppadhyay, 1991-92 Balyan and Malik, 1994, Rita et.al., 1995 and yadav et.al., 1995). Existence of weed is also troublesome in some area. When the weed is present on the field, it made the work hard for applying fertilizers and hard to harvest the crop. The present of weed in field may also provide shelter for pest to live and it will further reduce the crop productivity. Thus, the present of weed had cause 2.2.1 Amino Acid Sythesis Inhibitors 2.2.2 Photosystem II Inhibitors 2.2.3 Auxins Typerherbicides 2.2.4 Mitotic Inhibitors 2.2.5 Photosystem I Inhibitors 2.2.6 Cellulose Biosynthesis Inhibitors 2.3 Herbicide Resistance 2.4 Multicomponent Reactions 2.4.1 Ugi Reactions 2.4.2 Biginelli Reaction 2.4.3 Sakurai Reaction 2.4.4 Streacker Reaction 2.4.5 Mannich Reaction 2.4.6 Hanztch Reaction 2.4.7 Application of Multicomponent Reaction Chapter 3 Methodology 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Chapter 4 Expected Result 4.1

heroarms A Comparison of Code Heroes of A Farewell to Arms and For Who

The Code Heroes of A Farewell to Arms and For Whom the Bell Tolls      Ã‚  Ã‚  In Ernest Hemingway's fiction, there is something known as the "Hemingway Hero".   This term is usually applied to the male protagonist in his works.   The Hemingway hero illustrates a variety of traits, ranging from heavy drinking to his role as a leader among the characters with whom he interacts.   Traits of this hero also resemble the personal characteristics of Hemingway himself, and the hero usually finds himself in similar predicaments Hemingway faced in his life.   Two Hemingway heroes, Robert Jordan from For Whom the Bell Tolls and Frederic Henry from A Farewell to Arms, exhibit the traits established in Hemingway's heroic code.   Given the presence of war in each novel, the two heroes display leadership in some form many times.   Jordan and Henry also mature to realize that they hold the capacity to love as each develops an intimate relationship with a woman they meet.   Just as Ernest Hemingway aided the injured in the Great War, Frederic Henry d rives an ambulance for the Italian army in the same war.   And although Hemingway did not fight in the Spanish Civil War as Robert Jordan does, he wrote newspaper articles covering the war in order to publicize the Republican struggle.   The hero Hemingway creates in his fiction serves several purposes.   Through his heroes, Hemingway idealizes his beliefs about life and how men should act as well as events in his own life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Since Hemingway's time, literary critics have defined his heroic code to include the following:   The Hemingway hero does not believe in the afterlife, is brave, strong and seeks pleasure,   thinks cowardliness is disgraceful, believes in grace, courage and discipline, thinks de... ...as collecting important information about the bridge for Robert.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Frederic Henry, on the other hand, has little respect for discipline, and intern, displays hardly any of his own.   Henry begins the war helping the Italian Army, serving as an ambulance driver.   He receives an injury to his leg, and after recovering, deserts the army when he becomes separated from the rest of the army during a retreat......    Works Cited Hemingway, Ernest. A Farewell to Arms. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1957.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ---. For Whom the Bell Tolls. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1968. Ernest Hemingway in His Time.   July, 1999. Universtiy of Delaware Library, Special Collections Department. 29 Dec. 20002 Flashback. July, 1999. The Atlantic Monthly. 29 Dec. 2000 Hemingway Campfire. February, 2000. Hemingway Nantucket Campfire. 5 Jan. 2002

Reviewing Martin Scorsese

More than just a filmmaker, Martin Scorsese is the self-appointed guardian of American cinema history. For him, the cinema of the present is always and necessarily influenced by the past. Scorsese commands immense critical respect; whether juggling big budgets and mainstream connections with large studios, delivering star vehicles and box-office successes, or indulging in more personal projects, Scorsese has retained his reputation as â€Å"the quintessential maverick auteur† (Andrew 21).An independently minded cinephile, his relationship to popular cinema has been an extremely productive one. While best known for the savage but complex exploration of masculinity and violence in films such as the New York-based Taxi Driver (1976), the scorching biographical boxing picture Raging Bull (1980), the epic gangster narrative Goodfellas (1990), or the controversial The Last Temptation of Christ (1988), Scorsese’s output has been extremely varied. This paper reviews three of hi s films: Taxi Driver, The Last Temptation of Christ, and Gangs of New York (2002).Religion is a consistent theme in Scorsese’s films: almost all of his major male characters voice a fascination with religion in some form. Mean Streets’ (1973) Charlie is obsessed with the idea of his own spiritual purpose. The archetypal selective devotee, his desire to do penance is at odds with his actions: â€Å"he acts like he's doing it for the others, but it's a matter of his own pride† (Scorsese 48). Taxi Driver's Travis Bickle believes himself to be acting out God's rage against the lowlife of New York city; Cape Fear's (1991) Max Cady is likewise fixated; while Raging Bull's Jake LaMotta punishes his body both in training and in the boxing ring in an attempt to atone for his sins.These earlier films seem to be leading towards Last Temptation of Christ’s explicit wrestling with Christianity. Attracting intense reactions from some religious groups, the film, based o n Nikos Kazantzakis' novel, presents a non-biblical Jesus beset by doubts and fears about his identity and mission, constantly, oppressively tempted by evil. A human being much more than the incarnate Word of God, this Jesus is strongly tempted also sexually, and only by a superhuman effort of the will is he able to achieve a final victory. Scorsese argued that it was his intention to show Christ as a real man rather than as a faultless spiritual being.Thus, Christ's (Willem Dafoe) inner emotional struggle and the consistently female image of sin converge, if one is to accept Scorsese's interviews, in making the film as much a working through of his own identity as the story of Christ: â€Å"Jesus has to put up with everything we go through, all the doubts and fears and anger†¦he has to deal with all this double, triple guilt on the cross. That's the way I directed it, and that's what I wanted, because my own religious feelings are the same.† (Corliss 36)It is clear that the major objection of the protesters to this film had to do with its long final sequence, in which Jesus comes down from the cross and walks into an earthly paradise, where he marries first Mary Magdalene and then, as a widower, Mary, the sister of Lazarus. By her and her sister Martha, he has a number of children.The problem is that people who had not seen the film, or who had seen it but not very perceptibly, had no idea that these events happen in a fantasy sequence, a daydream-like temptation to the domestic life carefully formulated by Satan to discourage the crucified Jesus from living fully his mission of salvation. Moreover, it is a temptation sequence represented by Scorsese as a fantasy, something evident in the film language of the sequence, and as a temptation-fantasy that Scorsese has Jesus overcome: he returns to the cross and dies victorious.The Last Temptation of Christ can be interpreted in two distinct ways; either it posits Christ as a human being, or it raises Scorsese's vision of masculine identity to an omnipotent spiritual level. Notions of masculinity, a sense of community and the influence of religion on personal identity are all themes common to Scorsese films. In fact, the film suggests an attempt to universalize masculine experience by having these themes transported from the usual urban, late twentieth-century setting to biblical times.Objections to the film's depiction of Jesus as sexual perhaps served to divert attention away from another more uncomfortable theme; that masculine identity is defined in terms of existential conflict and growing self-awareness, while women remain confined to earth, sexuality and Original Sin. Though Scorsese cannot be simply cast as a misogynist, his personal perspective and belief systems are unashamedly patriarchal, grounded in Catholicism. Women feature mainly on a symbolic level, serving as projections of male spiritual conflicts (even, it might be argued, in The Age of Innocence).Whether nove l, romance, myth, epic, or film, narratives have relied on the presence of the â€Å"hero† as a sign of the human’s search of an ideal. Scorsese's Taxi Driver portrays a character, Travis Bickle, who is alternately an inversion, a corruption, and a variation of the idea of the hero. The film constructs a â€Å"literary city†, an archetypical topos in a story of the mass and the individual, where the â€Å"mass† creates â€Å"a peculiar kind of anti-community within the dissociated culture† (Pike 100).A chain of ironies defines Bickle placed into this setting and defines a new universal truth: anonymity and isolation amid a dense population, an instantaneous repugnance with and attraction for the magnified extravagance and corruption of the city, an estrangement from others which grows with increasing closeness, and an anti-social behavior and a pathological psychology absurdly born of the quest for ideals.In Taxi Driver, Bickle sees metropolitan so cial order as a material hell in a period of a dying God (or already dead God). He places himself in an adversarial connection with the world in general, and he pursues the ideals of self-realization and spiritual reconciliation in ironically repulsive actions. In addition, Bickle maintains a wicked sense for the sacred, and this distorted piety or holiness is manifest in his discourse suggestive of the confession genre, in his wrath for an immoral society, and in his sympathy for the oppressed and browbeaten (archetypically rendered in the form of a prostitute). Bickle recognizes his status as God’s lonely man. He writes in his confessional mode: â€Å"Loneliness has followed me all my life. The life of loneliness pursues me wherever I go: in bars, cars, coffee shops, theaters, stores, sidewalks. There is no escape. I am God's lonely man.†The opening montage of Scorsese’s Taxi Driver launches a series of optical themes, and the images of eyes, mirrors, and glas s symbolize Bickle’s perception of this spiritually bankrupt and spiritually bereft environment. The director manages his editing and camera angles to highlight the protagonist seeing the world through mirrors or glass, particularly the rear-view mirror and the windshield of the taxi, through which all important characters enter: Sport and Iris in a brief glance in his mirror; Palantine in his rear-view mirror; and Betsy through the sheets of an all-glass office. In general, the film mirrors French Existentialist the influence, and the setting, lighting, and mise-en-scene – especially in the darkness of the film – owe a debt to film noir, contributing to the understanding of the struggle of the protagonist.Overall, Bickle represents something more than alienation and social disenfranchisement, since God’s lonely man suffers in metaphysical misery because of the materialization of a world where the True, the Good, and the Beautiful have lost their meaning. In effect, Bickle is a prophet attacking Babylon, but without any assurance of liberation; he is also Theseus in the maze of the city but with no Olympus and no Ariadne. In this state of spiritual bleakness and spiritual poverty, Bickle retains an intuitive longing for the ideal â€Å"but no longer possesses the capacity for identifying, exemplifying or realizing it† (Swensen 267).While isolation and crises of identity are key themes that permeate many of Scorsese's films, they necessarily include explorations of community, or brotherhood against which the isolation, or level of identification for an individual can be measured. This is one of the major themes of one his most recent films, Gangs of New York.Obviously, the director’s explorations of community and brotherhood stem partly from his commentary on his personal experiences, his sense of his home community and of the people he has known. In most cases this sense of docu-realism extends only so far as setting. This film is concerned not only with political, social, and economic conflicts, but also spiritual conflict. In one of his interviews about Gangs of New York, Scorsese states:[During the Civil War] the North and South were fighting for causes. The nativists [whose slogan was â€Å"America for Americans†] and the Irish were fighting for the right to live and the right to live together, but they were dying for it, too. If people believe in something strongly enough they're going to die for it, and that's a major problem in the world today. In the film – as in today's world – religion is used in a militant way. (Scorsese 1)This film is also a characteristic of violence in many of Scorsese’s films: â€Å"The 20th century was arguably the most violent in human history, but the most violent century in American history was the 19th. Poor people, political parties, and gangs would demonstrate, and there was violence constantly.† (Scorsese 2) Alongside the romance of the gangster and of male ritual that is so much in evidence in this film, Amsterdam Vallon and Bill â€Å"the Butcher† Cutting can both be understood in terms of a journey towards salvation through self-knowledge.The themes in Taxi Driver, The Last Temptations of Christ, and Gangs of New York are dominated by the search for self-awareness: â€Å"the individual is trapped in solitude morale and can escape from it†¦if he or she comes to see their condition and then extend themselves to others and then to God† (Hess 20). Scorsese's preoccupations are evident in his work and in his many interviews. Shortly after the opening of his film The Last Temptation of Christ, Scorsese, commented, â€Å"I made it as a prayer, an act of worship. I wanted to be a priest. My whole life has been movies and religion. That's it. Nothing else.† (Kelly 6)Works CitedAndrew, Geoff, Stranger than Paradise: Maverick Film-makers in Recent American Cinema. London: Prion, 199 8.Corliss, Richard, â€Å"Body†¦and Blood†, Film Comment 24.5 (1988): 36-42.Hess, John, â€Å"La Politique des auteurs: Part I World View as Aesthetic†. Jump Cut, 1 May/June (1974): 20-22.Kelly, Mary Pat, Martin Scorsese: A   Journey. New York: Thunder's Mouth, 1991.Scorsese, Martin, Scorsese on Scorsese, David Thompson and Ian Christie (Eds.). London: Faber and Faber, 1996.Scorsese, Martin, Gangs of New York – Martin Scorsese – Interview. (December 2002). Retrieved December 5, 2007 from http://findarticles.com/?noadc=1Swensen, Andrew J.   â€Å"The Anguish of God's Lonely Men: Dostoevsky's Underground Man and Scorsese's Travis Bickle†. Renascence: Essays on Values in Literature 53.4 (2001): 267.

Casarse Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, Examples

Casarse Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, Examples The Spanish verb  casarse  means to get married. It is a regular  -ar  verb like  ayudar or  caminar.  This verb  can be used as a reflexive  or reciprocal verb,  casarse,  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹or as a non-reflexive verb,  casar.  Since it is most commonly used as casarse, this article will show the conjugations for the verb using the reflexive pronouns  (me, te, se, nos, os, se).  Below you can find tables with conjugations for  casarse  in the present, past and future indicative, the present and past subjunctive, the imperative, and other verb forms. Using the Verb Casarse The verb  casarse can be  used  whenever you would say to marry or to get married. For example,  Ana se casà ³ en la iglesia  (Ana got married at the church) or  El hombre  se casà ³ muy joven  (The man got married very young). It can also be used as a reciprocal verb to indicate that two people marry each other. For example, you can say  Ellos se casaron en octubre  (They got married in October) or  Mi esposo y yo  nos casamos hace 10 aà ±os (My husband and I got married 10 years ago). You can also use the verb  casar  without the reflexive pronoun when talking about marrying someone, or officiating a wedding. In this case the verb casar  functions as a transitive verb with a direct object. For example, you can say  El padre casà ³ a la pareja  (The priest married the couple) or  El abogado los va a casar en su oficina  (The lawyer is going to  marry them in his office).   Casarse Present Indicative Yo me caso I get married Yo me caso con mi novio. T te casas You get married T te casas en la iglesia. Usted/l/ella se casa You/he/she gets married Ella se casa con su pareja. Nosotros nos casamos We get married Nosotros nos casamos hoy. Vosotros os casis You get married Vosotros os casis en la corte. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se casan You/they get married Ellos se casan por segunda vez. Casarse Preterite  Indicative Yo me cas I got married Yo me cas con mi novio. T te casaste You got married T te casaste en la iglesia. Usted/l/ella se cas You/he/she got married Ella se cas con su pareja. Nosotros nos casamos We got married Nosotros nos casamos hoy. Vosotros os casasteis You got married Vosotros os casasteis en la corte. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se casaron You/they got married Ellos se casaron por segunda vez. Casarse  Imperfect  Indicative The imperfect tense is used to talk about repeated or ongoing actions in the past. It can be translated as used to get married or was getting married. Since the act of getting married is not something people do frequently or repeatedly, the imperfect translation would most likely be was getting married.  Ã‚   Yo me casaba I was getting married Yo me casaba con mi novio. T te casabas You were getting married T te casabas en la iglesia. Usted/l/ella se casaba You/he/she was getting married Ella se casaba con su pareja. Nosotros nos casbamos We were getting married Nosotros nos casbamos hoy. Vosotros os casabais You were getting married Vosotros os casabais en la corte. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se casaban You/they were getting married Ellos se casaban por segunda vez. Casarse Future  Indicative Yo me casar I will get married Yo me casar con mi novio. T te casars You will get married T te casars en la iglesia. Usted/l/ella se casar You/he/she will get married Ella se casar con su pareja. Nosotros nos casaremos We will get married Nosotros nos casaremos hoy. Vosotros os casaris You will get married Vosotros os casaris en la corte. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se casarn You/they will get married Ellos se casarn por segunda vez. Casarse Periphrastic Future  Indicative To form the periphrastic future, you need the auxiliary verb  ir  (to go) in the present indicative, plus the  preposition  a,  followed by the infinitive of the verb. When you conjugate a reflexive verb in a periphrastic construction, you must place the reflexive pronoun before the conjugated auxiliary verb. Yo me voy a casar I am going to get married Yo me voy a casar con mi novio. T te vas a casar You are going to get married T te vas a casar en la iglesia. Usted/l/ella se va a casar You/he/she is going to get married Ella se va a casar con su pareja. Nosotros nos vamos a casar We are going to get married Nosotros nos vamos a casar hoy. Vosotros os vais a casar You are going to get married Vosotros os vais a casar en la corte. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se van a casar You/they are going to get married Ellos se van a casar por segunda vez. Casarse Conditional  Indicative The conditional tense can be translated as would verb in English, and it is used  for talking about possibilities or probabilities. An example of the conditional is  Si estuviera enamorada, me casarà ­a  (If I were in love, I would get married). Yo me casara I would get married Yo me casara con mi novio. T te casaras You would get married T te casaras en la iglesia. Usted/l/ella se casara You/he/she would get married Ella se casara con su pareja. Nosotros nos casaramos We would get married Nosotros nos casaramos hoy. Vosotros os casarais You would get married Vosotros os casarais en la corte. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se casaran You/they would get married Ellos se casaran por segunda vez. Casarse Present Progressive/Gerund form The present participe or gerund  is used to form progressive verb forms such as the present progressive.  For -ar  verbs, the present participle is formed with the ending -ando. Remember that in reflexive verb constructions, you should put the reflexive pronoun before the conjugated auxiliary verb (estar). Present Progressive of Casarse   se est casando   She is getting married Ella se est casando con su pareja. Casarse  Past Participle One of the uses of the past participle is to form compound tenses, such as the present perfect. For regular -ar verbs, it is formed with the ending -ado.  The auxiliary verb for the present perfect is the verb  haber.  Remember to place the reflexive pronoun before the conjugated auxiliary verb (haber). Past Participle of Casarse   se ha casado She has gotten married   Ella se ha casado con su pareja. Casarse Present Subjunctive When you want to describe situations involving doubts, desires, emotions, probabilities and other subjective situations, you can use the  subjunctive mood. In order to use the subjunctive there should be a main clause and a secondary clause with a different subject in each clause. Que yo me case That I get married Carlos desea que yo me case con mi novio. Que t te cases That you get married Mayra desea que t te cases en la iglesia. Que usted/l/ella se case That you/he/she get married Rodrigo desea que ella se case con su pareja. Que nosotros nos casemos That we get married Flavia desea que nosotros nos casemos hoy. Que vosotros os casis That you get married David desea que vosotros os casis en la corte. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas se casen That you/they get married Laura desea que ellos se casen por segunda vez. Casarse Imperfect  Subjunctive There are two different options for conjugating the imperfect subjunctive. Both options are correct. Option 1 Que yo me casara That I got married Carlos deseaba que yo me casara con mi novio. Que t te casaras That you got married Mayra deseaba que t te casaras en la iglesia. Que usted/l/ella se casara That you/he/she got married Rodrigo deseaba que ella se casara con su pareja. Que nosotros nos casramos That we got married Flavia deseaba que nosotros nos casramos hoy. Que vosotros os casarais That you got married David deseaba que vosotros os casarais en la corte. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas se casaran That you/they got married Laura deseaba que ellos se casaran por segunda vez. Option 2 Que yo me casase That I got married Carlos deseaba que yo me casase con mi novio. Que t te casases That you got married Mayra deseaba que t te casases en la iglesia. Que usted/l/ella se casase That you/he/she got married Rodrigo deseaba que ella se casase con su pareja. Que nosotros nos cassemos That we got married Flavia deseaba que nosotros nos cassemos hoy. Que vosotros os casaseis That you got married David deseaba que vosotros os casaseis en la corte. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas se casasen That you/they got married Laura deseaba que ellos se casasen por segunda vez. Casarse Imperative   The imperative mood  is used to give direct orders or commands.  There are positive and negative commands, which have slightly different forms in the  tà ºÃ‚  and vosotros conjugations. Also, the placement of the reflexive pronoun is different in the positive and negative commands. In the negative commands, the reflexive pronoun is placed between the  adverb  no  and the verb, as in No te cases con à ©l (Dont marry him), while in the positive commands, the reflexive pronoun is attached at the end of the verb, as in Csate conmigo  (Marry me).   Positive Commands T csate Get married! Csate en la iglesia! Usted csese Get married! Csese con su pareja! Nosotros casmonos Lets get married! Casmonos hoy! Vosotros casaos Get married! Casaos en la corte! Ustedes csense Get married! Csense por segunda vez! Negative Commands T no te cases Dont get married! No te cases en la iglesia! Usted no se case Dont get married! No se case con su pareja! Nosotros no nos casemos Lets not get married! No nos casemos hoy! Vosotros no os casis Dont get married! No os casis en la corte! Ustedes no se casen Dont get married! No se casen por segunda vez!

How to Make Underwater Fireworks for Kids

How to Make Underwater Fireworks for Kids Fireworks are a beautiful and fun part of many celebrations, but not something you want kids to make themselves. However, even very young explorers can experiment with these safe underwater fireworks. What You Need WaterOilFood coloringTall clear glassAnother cup or glassFork Create Fireworks in a Glass Fill the tall glass almost to the top with room-temperature water. Warm water is ok, too.Pour a little oil into the other glass. (1-2 tablespoons)Add a couple of drops of food coloring. I used one drop of blue and one drop of red, but you can use any colors.Briefly stir the oil and food coloring mixture with a fork. You want to break up the food coloring drops into smaller drops, but not thoroughly mix the liquid.Pour the oil and coloring mixture into the tall glass.Now watch! The food coloring will slowly sink in the glass, with each droplet expanding outward as it falls, resembling fireworks falling into the water. How It Works Food coloring dissolves in water, but not in oil. When you stir the food coloring in the oil, you are breaking up the coloring droplets (though drops that come into contact with each other will merge... blue red purple). Oil is less dense than water, so the oil will float at the top of the glass. As the colored drops sink to the bottom of the oil, they mix with the water. The color diffuses outward as the heavier colored drop falls to the bottom.

Free Essays on A.L.S

ALS Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (also called ALS or â€Å"Lou Gehrigs disease†) is a classic motor neuron disease. Motor neuron diseases are progressive chronic diseases of the nerves that come from the spinal cord responsible for supplying electrical stimulation to the muscles. This is the stimulation that makes our body parts move. ALS is progressive and fatal. The usual causes of death of patients with motor neuron diseases are not directly related to the disease, but result from simultaneous additional illnesses which occur because of body weaknesses. It usually occurs most often in adults in the fifth through the seventh decades of life. It usually causes death in 2 to 7 years. All forms of ALS cause progressive muscle weaknesses and wasting. Spontaneous tiny local areas of muscle twitching, called fasciculations, are characteristic in most patients. These may be sensed by the patient as muscle cramping. Lower extremity muscle wasting (atrophy) and weakness generally follows wasting of the arms, hands, and shoulders. Spastic muscles can be present. Treatment measures in patients with motor neuron diseases are largely supportive, treating the complications, such as infections and general health. The treatment of ALS is also directed toward suppressing the immune inflammation felt to play a role in the degeneration of the nervous system. While there is no cure for ALS or a proven therapy that will prevent or reverse the course of the disorder, the U.S. FDA has approved RILUTEK, the first drug that has been shown to prolong the survival of ALS patients. Creatine is widely used by many athletes. Recent animal studies have shown creatine works twice as well as RILUTEK.... Free Essays on A.L.S Free Essays on A.L.S ALS Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (also called ALS or â€Å"Lou Gehrigs disease†) is a classic motor neuron disease. Motor neuron diseases are progressive chronic diseases of the nerves that come from the spinal cord responsible for supplying electrical stimulation to the muscles. This is the stimulation that makes our body parts move. ALS is progressive and fatal. The usual causes of death of patients with motor neuron diseases are not directly related to the disease, but result from simultaneous additional illnesses which occur because of body weaknesses. It usually occurs most often in adults in the fifth through the seventh decades of life. It usually causes death in 2 to 7 years. All forms of ALS cause progressive muscle weaknesses and wasting. Spontaneous tiny local areas of muscle twitching, called fasciculations, are characteristic in most patients. These may be sensed by the patient as muscle cramping. Lower extremity muscle wasting (atrophy) and weakness generally follows wasting of the arms, hands, and shoulders. Spastic muscles can be present. Treatment measures in patients with motor neuron diseases are largely supportive, treating the complications, such as infections and general health. The treatment of ALS is also directed toward suppressing the immune inflammation felt to play a role in the degeneration of the nervous system. While there is no cure for ALS or a proven therapy that will prevent or reverse the course of the disorder, the U.S. FDA has approved RILUTEK, the first drug that has been shown to prolong the survival of ALS patients. Creatine is widely used by many athletes. Recent animal studies have shown creatine works twice as well as RILUTEK....

Law in Higher Education (Affirmative Action in Higher Education) Research Paper

Law in Higher Education (Affirmative Action in Higher Education) - Research Paper Example A period of legal certainty is closely followed by a longer period of uncertainty. The objective of this paper is to critically analyze the place of affirmative action in higher education today. Key words: Affirmative action, compensation, discrimination, diversity, higher education. Affirmative Action in Higher Education Law Doverspike, Taylor and Arthur (2006) define affirmative action as â€Å"policies or procedures which attempt to increase the representation of an underrepresented, protected group (primarily minority or female but may include other groups such as aged) in education or employment through consideration in decision making of an applicant’s race, sex, or other protected group status† (p.5). Affirmative action has been employed as the primary tool for addressing gender, racial and ethnic inequalities. Education has been one of the key battlegrounds in the application of affirmative action evidenced by the popular cases such as Brown v The Board of Educa tion (1954). This is because education is highly valued in the American society due to its ability to impact on the life of an individual. Graduating from a selective institution enhances one’s life chances and increases the likelihood of entering a position of corporate or political leadership (Mullen, 2012). There exists a rich and complex legal framework that governs affirmative action in higher education. ... The debate Affirmative action is a focal point of public debate because of political and legal developments at the federal, state and local levels. Events that shaped the modern day affirmative action dates back to 1860s, especially following the promulgation of the 14th amendment. The amendment forbade states from enacting laws that denied American equal protection of the laws. It suffered setbacks for instance following the Supreme Court’s decision in Plessy v Fergusson where the court held that separate but equal accommodation did not violate the constitution giving rise to segregationist tendencies across United States. The modern day term ‘affirmative action’ traces its origin to President Kennedy, who in 1961 through Executive Order number 10925, introduced methods to address discrimination which had persisted regardless of constitutional guarantees and civil rights laws. It was developed and first enforced by President Johnson who put practical measures tha t transformed equality as a theory to equality in fact and result (Brunner and Rowen, 2007). Argument in Favor of Affirmative Action There are two core arguments that justify affirmative action. First, affirmative action ensures diversity in any democratic society. If left to chance, diversity can never be achieved. Part of the education process is to prepare students to interact with people from other nationalities. It prepares students to be better citizens in a democratic state. Americans come from diverse background, and America is set to become more diverse in the decades to come (Kowalski, 2006, p. 38). America prides itself on the diversity of its citizenry. Institutions and the whole academic field benefit holistically from diversity because

Data Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Data Analysis - Essay Example Additionally, I recorded the observed behavioral and communication skills on a checklist. I observed that in each session that the student had, it improved his behavioral and communication skills. Observation requires attention; I took a period of about an hour to observe each student. In the process, I kept involving the student to ensure their attentiveness and reduce chances of boredom. Some activities were physical activities that included doing puzzles and job activities or super brain exercises which encouraged communication and interaction as well as developmental activities such as Webber Photo Cards and Jenga game. During data collection, I used the tally sheets to check on their behaviors both the desired and undesired. To enhance accuracy, I assigned a score sheet to each student where I recorded their outcome for every session. To ensure consistency of data, I held meeting twice every week for a period of five weeks with each session being one hour long. In the undesired tally sheet, it had four behaviors I was supposed to observe in each student. The first thing that I was checking was the capability of a student to pay attention. In this, I wanted to identify and then record on a tally sheet the number of times a student failed to pay attention in an ongoing procedure or activity. If in a day a student failed to pay attention three times, I would tally thrice for that student that day. The second thing I was checking was the number of times the student went off the allocated task. My observation was therefore based on the tendency of a student to leave the task for other activities. I rec orded data for three sessions in a week for five weeks. Additionally, I also checked for the student’s incomplete work behavior and out-of-seat behavior during all the sessions that I had with them for the whole duration. As for the behaviors, I was looking out for the desired behavior presented by each student in every session for five weeks. The first

Competition and competitiveness derive from different theoretical Essay

Competition and competitiveness derive from different theoretical frameworks and UK policy has failed to distinguish adequately between the two. Explain and discuss - Essay Example The competitiveness policy encourages on benchmarking whereby an entrepreneur visits another competitive entrepreneur and finds out on what he/she does in order to attain his/her success (Bristow 2010). In competition, every business is always straining to win the other by getting most of the customers on its side and not by merging and obtaining monopoly to exploit on the market. This is because if an entrepreneur exhibits monopoly power, he or she may exploit the market when there is no government interference. Marxian views competition as the act of competing for land, capital and workers alongside competing with other business and firms for profit making (Tan 2014). This means that a business unit must compete for the workers and it should provide reasonable pay for workers. Through this, they can be able to attract workers from other business units and this makes them have adequate labor. They should give their workers allowances and other benefits to encourage and motivate them. The business unit should not overwork the workers but instead they should give them a reasonable pay. Secondly, the business unit should also effectively compete for land as a factor of production. This simply means that the business unit should have enough money to buy adequate land since often businesses have to expand their premises. For a business to be successful then it should have adequate land to carry out its business activities and land is a competitive factor; hence they should strain to get the best available land according to the land use. Marketing business units should also strain to get land near their market while mineral based business units should strain to get land within their mineral extraction place and the market. Capital is the money needed to start and run a business. The business units should find the best financial institution where they can get access to loans and other financial support to run their businesses. Finally,

Letter From a Birmingham Jail Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Letter From a Birmingham Jail - Essay Example The author actually directed the letter to the members of the clergy and since it was deemed published in totality, the target audience for this particular discourse is the white moderate population, who were deemed indifferent. The white moderate segment of society was noted to have preferred the status quo or retaining order and keeping their stance as observers rather than stir the social condition to attain justice for the blacks. One is firmly convinced that his nonviolent strategies should therefore be directed to the white moderate segment of society through the creation of tension and intervention that would force this segment to move and openly profess that his advocacies are better than just being mere spectators and preserving order. The letter should have been directly addressed to the white moderate segment of the population to entice them to change their indifferent stance and enjoin them to support the elimination of prejudice and discrimination that has long been dire cted to the African Americans. The letter was addressed to fellow clergymen and was written in response to a supposed remark that classified Martin Luther King’s (MLK) activities as allegedly untimely and unwise.

Argentina Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Argentina - Essay Example The leader of grew up on the estancia in the province of Buenos Aires. Rosas led the Argentinean nation for 17 years from 1829 to 1852. Most historians describe his rule as tyrannical while others commended his contributions to the political structure and governorship of Argentina. The Rise of Juan Manuel de Rosas A significant proportion of Rosas youth was spent as a gaucho (cowboy) in the cattle country where he accumulated his fortunes. Rosas political ambitions began in 1820, as a caudilio when he led a section of gauchos in support of federalism. In the same year colonel Manuel Dorrego, the Buenos Aires governor, assigned Rosas to direct the provincial militia. In 1828 after the deposition of Manuel Dorrego, Rosas became the federalist leader (Lewis 46). Rosas confronted the Juan Lavalle, the new governor in 1829, and defeated him. After this, he became governor of Buenos Aires and became notorious for repressing his political opponents to quell competition. Political Exploits o f Juan Manuel Historians continue to argue over Rosas significance in Argentina’s development. Sarmiento, Mann and Stavans (9) indicate that Rosas was seen as a tyrant that was ignorant of existent laws and freedoms of liberals. To decrease the political wars he saw it sufficient to create an authoritarian regime. He negotiated with the native tribes to pacify their disagreements. In the beginning of 1830’s, Rosas was focusing on destroying the unitary (centralists) movement in Entre Rios and Cordoba. Rosas military friends Estanislao Lopez and Juan Facundo Quiroga were also emerging as political leaders (Lewis 45). Their accumulative military strength was allowing them to control activities in provinces and build local regimes. In 1831, after neutralizing the opposing force especially of Unitarios, he focused on the issues of Buenos Aires. Rosa used was ruling on behalf of wealthy ranchers and landowners. According to Lewis (46), Rosas policies promoted the policies o f these landowners. Rosas promoted the policies of estancerios. This was oppressive to the common citizens. As a caudilio of the western province, Facundo Quiroga political views were reflective of the conservative ideology (Sarmiento, Mann & Stavans 23). Quirogas early childhood is similar to Rosas since he had little formal schooling. He was short, well built with broad shoulders compared to Rosas who was moderate. Additionally, Quiroga has a shrewdness of character since he gambled his father’s proceeds in 1806. Quiroga did not appreciate the discipline and structure of military life, unlike Rosas. His military exploits depict him as being a fierce caudilio and won respect from exemplary battlefield performances. Both Quiroga and Rosa were strongly against the unitarist movement and formed military expeditions against them. Rosa had a low view of women and children especially of the unitarist movement. He was eminent for his intimidation tactics especially on the common fo lk as this was his technique of stamping authority. In contrast, Quiroga was very diminutive of the children and women of the unitarios but was more interested in the men (Sarmiento, Mann & Stavans 36). He saw the men could raise significant opposition against his rule and then saw it appropriate to execute them. This portrays that the two leaders had divergent opinions of women and children of the unitarist movements. A letter that Quiroga sent his wife, Dolores, shows he was considerate of the affairs

What actions might be taken by the government of (one country) to Essay

What actions might be taken by the government of (one country) to reduce and limit price fluctuations of coffee - Essay Example If the price of any product fluctuates highly then the government can limit the fluctuation through minimum and maximum prices, also referred to as price flooring and price ceiling respectively (Dineshbakshi, 2015). The government can set a maximum price which must be below the equilibrium price of coffee in order to be effective and disallow trading above that price level (Dineshbakshi, 2015). As, the price is below the equilibrium it will lead to excess demand and eventually lead to a shortage. In such cases there will also be some consumers who will be willing to buy coffee at a higher price than the price set by the government and this will lead to black markets being created (Dineshbakshi, 2015). The situation cannot be left this way and let the economic situation of the country worsen, thus further actions are required by the government (Dineshbakshi, 2015). Government may take total control of supplying these goods or even producing goods itself (Dineshbakshi, 2015). But the problem may remain as people may not sell all their stock of coffee and black markets may still remain. On the other hand if the government takes control of the production in its hand, it will be accompanied with may management and other technical issues. The government can also help in eliminating this black market and the shortage in the market by supplying coffee from its own stocks (Dineshbakshi, 2015). All these steps by the government will lead to the supply curve shifting rightwards, achieving equilibrium and eliminating shortage (Dineshbakshi, 2015). On the other hand, if the government sets a minimum price which must be above the equilibrium price in order to be effective and ban trading lower than that price level; it may also help in reducing price fluctuations (Dineshbakshi, 2015). As the price is set above the equilibrium price it will lead to higher supply and lower demand leading to a surplus of coffee in the market (Dineshbakshi, 2015). Surplus can also be catered

Letter From a Birmingham Jail Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Letter From a Birmingham Jail - Essay Example The author actually directed the letter to the members of the clergy and since it was deemed published in totality, the target audience for this particular discourse is the white moderate population, who were deemed indifferent. The white moderate segment of society was noted to have preferred the status quo or retaining order and keeping their stance as observers rather than stir the social condition to attain justice for the blacks. One is firmly convinced that his nonviolent strategies should therefore be directed to the white moderate segment of society through the creation of tension and intervention that would force this segment to move and openly profess that his advocacies are better than just being mere spectators and preserving order. The letter should have been directly addressed to the white moderate segment of the population to entice them to change their indifferent stance and enjoin them to support the elimination of prejudice and discrimination that has long been dire cted to the African Americans. The letter was addressed to fellow clergymen and was written in response to a supposed remark that classified Martin Luther King’s (MLK) activities as allegedly untimely and unwise.

What actions might be taken by the government of (one country) to Essay

What actions might be taken by the government of (one country) to reduce and limit price fluctuations of coffee - Essay Example If the price of any product fluctuates highly then the government can limit the fluctuation through minimum and maximum prices, also referred to as price flooring and price ceiling respectively (Dineshbakshi, 2015). The government can set a maximum price which must be below the equilibrium price of coffee in order to be effective and disallow trading above that price level (Dineshbakshi, 2015). As, the price is below the equilibrium it will lead to excess demand and eventually lead to a shortage. In such cases there will also be some consumers who will be willing to buy coffee at a higher price than the price set by the government and this will lead to black markets being created (Dineshbakshi, 2015). The situation cannot be left this way and let the economic situation of the country worsen, thus further actions are required by the government (Dineshbakshi, 2015). Government may take total control of supplying these goods or even producing goods itself (Dineshbakshi, 2015). But the problem may remain as people may not sell all their stock of coffee and black markets may still remain. On the other hand if the government takes control of the production in its hand, it will be accompanied with may management and other technical issues. The government can also help in eliminating this black market and the shortage in the market by supplying coffee from its own stocks (Dineshbakshi, 2015). All these steps by the government will lead to the supply curve shifting rightwards, achieving equilibrium and eliminating shortage (Dineshbakshi, 2015). On the other hand, if the government sets a minimum price which must be above the equilibrium price in order to be effective and ban trading lower than that price level; it may also help in reducing price fluctuations (Dineshbakshi, 2015). As the price is set above the equilibrium price it will lead to higher supply and lower demand leading to a surplus of coffee in the market (Dineshbakshi, 2015). Surplus can also be catered

Eastern Kentucky moder Essay Example for Free

Eastern Kentucky moder Essay In today’s most modern and challenging world, struggling for your professional career is a complex task for every individual. At the initial, when we realize that every thing in this changing world of business and commerce industry is pretty much depending on technological innovations, but we also cannot deny the traditional style of our business and industry leaders. In this scenario, an individual who is not pretty much aware of all the facts, finds it difficult to select his field for future profession, though even at this part of life, we may also realize the importance of leadership skills in every aspect of our life. While the decision seems much complicated to take on, at the same place Eastern Kentucky University is the only gateway for me that ensure my future success in the professional career. At EKU a wide range of opportunities, activities and events designed to enhance my experiences. Apart from studies, concerts, movies, comedians and other activities at campus will help me to develop myself how to keep every aspect of human desire and how to calendar my timetable that would ultimately lead to develop my leadership skills. What most I felt to be impressed is their mission to enhance the quality of life of students by supporting the Universitys commitment to the academic success and holistic development of each individual student. It fosters intellectual, physical, and social development through programs and direct services which challenge and support students as they develop attitudes, abilities and skills for life-long learning within an ever-changing global environment. Eastern Kentucky University, founded in 1906 with a faculty of seven in 1909, when the first commencement was held, 11 people received degrees. Over the last century, they have grown to a full-fledged comprehensive university offering 168 degree programs and serving more than 15,000 students a year. This is a regional, coeducational, public institution of higher education offering general and liberal arts programs, pre-professional and professional training in education and various other fields at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. Located in Richmond, Madison County, Kentucky, Eastern has a distinguished record of almost a century of educational service to the Commonwealth. Finally, at EKU you get the best return of what you spend by getting an very well internationally recognized degree by further enjoying best experiences of your life. The experience at EKU are ever wondering to each student even on individual level. Their best teaching and learning methods will develop me to become a leader in my certain category. I wont be just a face in the crowd when it comes to campus life, either. Theres always something going on to capture my interest and help me make new friends. I can get involved in one of the 175 student organizations, play intramural sports, try out for a play or a musical group whatever everyone’s interests are, theres something there for everyone. Resources: http://www.eku.edu

Dyscalculia: Causes, Effects and Interventions

Dyscalculia: Causes, Effects and Interventions ABSTRACT This project suggests briefly about the Dyscalculia and the possible biological bases of dyscalculia and about the people who is suffering from the dyscalculia and also mentioned about the problems that are facing by the dyscalculic people in different fields of areas in their daily life. Coming to this case of Dyscalculia it is defined as the mathematical and arithmetical inability while coming to the brief description it is named as Number blindness. Here in this project we focussed only on arithmetical addition and briefly describing problems facing by the dyscalculic people while doing mathematical addition and counting of numbers. And secondly we are going to describe how does dyscalculia comes from and the reasons and explain the relationship between Dyslexia and Dyscalculia as there is a chance to acquire dyscalculia from dyslexia. The main aim of the project is to teach the mathematical addition rule to the People with Dyscalculia would struggle in doing arithmetical addition. Before starting to teach the mathematical addition rule to the dyscalculics I already studied briefly about the dyscalculia and how does it occur and what are the Types of dyscalculia that occurs to the dyslexic people and the deficits intended in dyscalculic people as they expressing while doing mathematical addition. Now a days Dyscalculia is the main problem that are affecting people up to some extent. But not as much this is the problem mainly occurs which is connected with Dyslexia. However one thing should remember that all the Dyslexics are not Dyscalculics although 40% of dyscalculia occurs from dyslexia. In this project to overcome Dyscalculia particularly in the arithmetical addition and to teach the mathematical addition to the dyscalculics I designed application software in Flash with visual graphical design with the help of a colourful Cuisenaire rods. By studying about the previous sources that are useful to teach the maths addition which were designed by some experts in dyscalculia studies such as Brian Butterworth and some other experts on dyscalculia the teaching designs like Phonological loop, Visio spatial sketch pad etc,. Hence by following some of that specific designs in my view and I designed an understanding design to teach mathematical addition rule to dyscalculia people. This includes brief understanding and attractive designs that can impress the dyscalculic and make them enthusiastically towards to the learning of mathematical addition from the basic adding to the high level digits adding that means starting from single digit adding to higher level adding. For this we need to train them on the Cuisenaire rods and the colours and values which was assigned to them and then we need to teach them first by running the application software automatically and I designed the whole process of addition in this software from the advanced stage to the stage of getting result. After that I am conducting a quiz to test their ability and grip on addition after teaching by using the designed application. I hope this design can help the dyscalculia to overcome arithmetical addition inability up to a greater extent. Introduction First of all before starting of my project this document reflects and introduce about the project from its advanced stage to the conclusion in a simple and briefly explanation on which concept that I am doing my project. I started my dissertation on a special concept of human disabilities which is known as Dyslexia and its further effects on human life prospectus. Especially this discuss about the defect on humankind that are suffering with mathematical and arithmetical difficulties known as Dyscalculia. The effect of dyscalculia mainly refers the lacking of mathematical skills and concepts such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Dyscalculia is the major problem that is affecting the human life in our daily activities mainly focuses on inability of basic mathematical concepts of adding and counting of things which performs vulnerable and inefficient out coming result while doing calculations and normal counting in our daily life The main aim of the project is to help the people who are suffering from Dyscalculia and its deficits. To perform the activities that can help to understand the mathematical concepts and to overcome the deficits of dyscalculia that is affecting the people in their real life. The way of designing and the implementation of the project can be able to pave the way for finding the right solution to solve the problems of dyscalculic people with which they are suffering and to overcome their deficits with which are having individually and its total scope is to enhance the possible ways of teaching methods of addition particularly for the dyscalculic in an understanding and in a possible way which can be capable by the dyscalculic. The whole project is designed as user friendly and can be able to the dyscalculic people who are suffering with learning difficulties particularly in arithmetic addition that is adding of numbers starting from the adding of single digit to the higher level addition. In the advanced stage of the project we introduced the design with colourful Cuisenaire rods with attractive colours so by introducing attractive features into the design so that the dyscalculics can show their interest on learning addition very faster and can show the efficiency to get the output result correctly with satisfaction. The entire work of the project is based on teaching of mathematical addition in an understanding way to the dyscalculic people with learning difficulties in mathematical addition. Particularly in adding and counting of numbers according to the situations in their daily life. The possible steps in designing the project which is very useful to dyscalculic; The simple way of designing the project can be easily to understand by the dyscalculic people. Operation is user friendly to dyscalculics Introduction of special features can attract the dyscalculics towards the learning process. They can show their interest on mathematical addition and can learn easily by understanding. Back ground; Dyscalculia; What is Dyscalculia; Dyscalculia is mainly defined as difficulties with numbers it is identified as the difficulty in counting the numbers and things fast and fluently with lack of grasping power. Why the people with dyscalculia are different? Individuals with dyscalculia have specific difficulty with numbers, despite exhibits good results in other areas. They may have great difficulties with counting and adding the numbers. The example of an arithmetic addition2+4 or 4+2 Prices in the shops like tendering the money and taking the change correctly. Normal identification of numbers and what those represent, e.g. which is bigger, 2500 or 2770? Does 100+100 = approximately 200 or2000. Judging of numbers instantly for example seeing there are 5 glasses on the table normal people can count immediately and respond quickly where as the dyscalculic need to count them and to respond slowly. Phone numbers, seeing of dates , time etc,. It shows that people having dyscalculia has to struggle to achieve successful goals in the field of employment than having disability. Dyscalculia is the main learning problem that affecting many individuals and it is termed as the learning of mathematic disability by the disabled. It states that dyslexia is identified as the difficulties in reading written text fast and fluently with lack of grasping capacity. On the other hand dyscalculia refers the difficulties with handling and carrying out specific mathematical operations such as addition, multiplication, subtraction, division. Relation between dyslexia and dyscalculia: Here the relation between dyslexia and dyscalculia is very obvious. However, there are some points of overlap. There is a variant of dyscalculia that could be called as dyslexic dyscalculia. This problem involves primarily difficulties in reading which leads to mathematical problems for the people and these are the problems that arise with reading numerical symbols or difficulties with reading with multi-digit numerals so that 14 becomes 41. If the error happens like this in the reading of a task then obviously the solution becomes incorrect. On the other hand dyscalculia can be recognized in the lack of mathematics concern the ability to quickly retrieve numerical facts such as adding small digit numbers like 4+5=9 from the memory. There are several indirect similarities between difficulties with reading and mathematics. A poor working memory is one of the more obvious. Dyscalculia is defined as the mathematical problems caused by working memory or evident in the tasks that must be solved mentally, in the head. In the time of calculation the student may run into great difficulties keep various numbers in the memory. The other case is problem of remembering longer instructions and commands. May be they can remember a short what was supposed to be done. The rest is forgotten, because the information was never stored in the memory. The earlier researches shows that people with dyscalculia also have dyslexia most of the people with dyscalculia can have only mathematical difficulties. And they have a highly specific form of a learning difficulty and many are good in reading. Nowadays the occurrence of both dyslexia and dyscalculia at the same time is diagnosed as icd-10. The most common thing in dyscalculia is the difficulty with the number order. Difficulties involve understanding and use of mathematical operations and concepts. People of large proportions with dyscalculia display problems with following calculations to reach a correct solution. They easily lose their strategy and therefore run into difficulties with complex mathematics. Students with dyscalculia can be able to solve mathematical tasks but with in a average time frame they are unable to retrieve numerical facts from their vulnerable memory and must expend a lot of energy doing The word dyslexia comes and originated from the Greek word Dys means impaired and lexia is a word. Dyslexia ranges from easy to severe conditions. There exist various forms of this disease. Therefore there are different types of symptoms of this illness. The individual features of every type are specified for every human being separately. In general there is no such a typical type of dyslexia. Dyslexia refers to be a learning disability of the brain especially difficulties in reading or writing and spelling and it is the disability of neurological disability. Due to dyslexia the main drawback is that the people with dyslexia failed to remember the name of the things or to connect the name of the item with the definition. Recent surveys revealed that girls are less dyslexic than boys. There are two kinds of dyslexia Genetic Acquired Genetic transfers with the genes and the second one that is acquired occurs to brain damage in the left hemisphere that is responsible for language areas. Possible causes of dyslexia; Dyslexia is widely recognised as having a genetic component for example if a one kid of a pair of twins is dyslexic and the other twin is more likely to be dyslexic in the areas specially in language processing dyslexia links with brain differences. Possible causes of dyscalculia; It suggests by evidence that dyscalculia may have a genetic component. If there exists dyscalculia in one identical twin most possibly there is a chance of around 70% to become dyscalculic characteristics in the other twin. For non identical twins there is a less possibility of getting dyscalculia around 55% only. Research facts of Dyscalculia; Brian Butter worth an expert in dyscalculia research facts; Simply Brian butter worth done some research on a particular person who has dyscalculia and he is describing about the situation of the particular person and his name is Charles. Brian Butterworth met Charles when his (Charles) age was 30 years old Charles is a good professor in psychology and getting psychology degree is an achievement for Charles. But entries to the university in the first place even though he is best he failed to normal condition for entry into the maths GCSE. Charles is intelligent and very hard-working. But he is very poor in number skills that always have been a severe handicap and shopping is a constant embarrassment he doesnt understand the product prices and unable to grasp the idea of the total cost of the shopping basket. When he comes to the till, he has no idea about the money how much to tender and to get correct change. At that time immediately he use to add and multiply his fingers, and he is unable to do the two digit arithmetic problems such as 47-19. The real surprise thing that Butterworth found here about Charles is he couldnt tell that which is bigger or which is smaller in a numbers list which were given for suppose 9 or 5 and to find the difference suddenly he started to count his fingers to work in out. Charles is an example and this condition is known as dyscalculia and this mainly affects the ability of acquire the skills in mathematical and arithmetical skills. Dyscalculic learners may face the difficulties in understanding the basic and simple arithmetical concepts like adding of single digit numbers. For simple arithmetical concepts they may face severe anxiety and they struggle to understand what is obvious to all their friends and classmates. Dyscalculics even if they produce a correct answer or use a correct method they may do so mechanically and with lack of confidence. This captures what many dyscalculics like Charles feel about maths it is incomprehensible. Dyscalculia is not only a problem for the individuals but also it is one of the effect to the nation and for some especially as from the published report of the basic skills agency shows that poor math skills is a bigger handicap to getting a job by having that poor numeracy the employee will transport the wrong number of goods and fails in the money transactions such as receiving or paid out the money. And due to this poor efficiency in calculations affects the particular company. The current estimations suggest that about 5-6% of average to the superior intelligence children will have a real deficit in doing maths. Dyscalculia seems to be particularly found in dyslexics around 40% of the people who struggles with reading difficulties also having difficulties in learning maths and the remaining 60%have no problems than normal. It was found already that there is link between dyslexia and math learning difficulties although the latter can occur alone. It is worth noting that learning about numbers is different from learning to read in an important way. We are born with basic numerical abilities. Infants, even in the first week of life, are sensitive to changes in the number of things they are looking at. We know this because they will look longer at a display when we change the number of things, but often will not when we change one of the things but keep the same number. Babies also seem to be able to do very simple arithmetic. If the baby sees a doll place behind a screen, and then another doll placed behind it, it can be shown that the baby expects there to be two dolls (1 + 1) when the screen is removed. Babies look longer at things they dont expect, and will look longer at one doll or three dolls in this situation. So there is evidence of an innate capacity for numbers. One hypothesis to explain dyscalculia is a lack this innate capacity. However we dont have a specialised capacity in reading by birth. Reading is a complex skill made up of various brain systems set up automatically to do the other tasks like language recognising visual patterns, sequencing, and so on. And some of these used to learn maths in school and deficits in them may also affect learning in mathematics. What we need urgently is a way of diagnosing dyscalculia, and separating it from all the other causes of maths problems, including inappropriate teaching. Once we can identify these children reliably, we can begin systematic research on how best to help them. Charles was not diagnosed as dyscalculic until he came into our lab, and, like many other dyscalculics, felt himself first to be incredibly stupid for not being able to do what all his friends could do easily. This was not good for his self-esteem, of course. After that he came to realise that there was something wrong, but he was completely immersed in the dark as what it could be. Better for his self-esteem, but of little practical help. We dont know there are how many cases like Charles, but we are slowly reaching there. Difference between dyscalculic and ordinary people in arithmetic calculations; Ordinary people; For suppose if there is a four dots or four things on a screener the ordinary people(without dyslexia) can identify the things which is on the screener and they can give instant reply with respect to the situation. So therefore the normal people can react very quickly and they can respond very quickly comparing to the dyslexic people. The grasping capacity is very good in the normal people. Dyslexic people (Dyscalculia); While coming to the dyslexic who suffers from dyscalculia cannot give the quick responses with respect to the situations like ordinary people. So to overcome this type of situations in dyslexic people we need to train them in such a way so that they can give their responses slowly in a particular way as the trainer and the people can understand a bit. In order to train the dyslexic people to overcome the problem of arithmetical difficulties we should introduce some specific designs which is very user friendly and comfortable to hold by the dyslexic people particularly who is suffering with dyscalculia. And the designing aspects should be able to overcome their deficits. Mathematical grasping capacity; This describes the mathematical ability of the dyslexic people and their mental ability of doing the mathematical calculations mainly the people who is suffering with dyscalculia. For suppose if we introduce any four kinds of things in front of the dyslexic people they cannot give the quick response by counting the things so they will take time to count one by one and starts 1,2,3,4 and will give the response very slowly as 1+1+1+1=4 So people suffering with dyscalculia unable to do bigger calculations like adding numbers which is in big units like 234+432 so therefore we need to train them in such a way from the earlier stages of addition like adding single digits 1+2=3 so we need to begin from the earlier stages of addition. And after that by observing their progress we should train them to the further stages like adding double digits and then 100s and 1000s and so on. Its very important to train them with respect their progress by observing their progress we can easily calculate their mental ability of doing the calculations and thereby we can implement the teaching techniques which can very easily and comfortable to the dyslexic people. So by introducing the new and comfortable techniques of teaching the people (dyslexic) can easily do the mathematical addition. Teaching of mathematical addition rule; To teach the Mathematical addition rule to the dyscalculia we need to train them in specific way. The mathematical symbol (+) is to be fix in their mind strongly. And to make them to learn its importance and its rule. Types and sub-types of dyscalculia; Developmental dyscalculia; It is referred as mathematical and arithmetical dysfunction in individuals with normal mental functioning, that results and occurrences of brain anomalies at the time of prenatal development. Discrepancy occurs between the mean mental age and math age there exists a neat and clear retardation in mathematical development. Problems encountered by pupils with dyscalculia; The will recognised and the observable things that generally we can find in the peoples with Dyscalculia are the learning and remembering difficulties in mathematical concepts like addition, subtraction, multiplication etc,. In this project especially we are focussing on the mathematical addition particularly and the difficulties which are the dyscalculics are facing in their real life in the fields of employment and in the living society and we had discussed the problems with dyscalcilia which they are facing in all the areas of everyday life prospectus. Leaving that matter about what we are talking above and coming to the point of the problems that are encountered by people about the problems of dyscalculia. The well recognised problems of dyscalculics; Difficulty in learning and remembering of mathematical concepts such as used in our daily life in our activities Ex; Addition In the time of interviews with teachers. Difficulty in remembering even up to the number bonds to 10 is the worst problem that pupils struggling with maths were up against. Difficulty in executing mathematics calculations procedures. In 1984 Russell and Ginsburg found a dyscalculic group of people struggling on both written calculation and arithmetical fact retrieval. In 1992 Yamashita and Aram found dissociation absence between arithmetical fact ability and procedural ability with numerical processing difficulties in pupil. In 1993 Geary suggests that procedural problems are likely to improve with experience and also suggests the retrieval difficulties are less likely to do so. And he proposes that the emerging of procedural problems is due to lack of understanding concepts. Problems of retrieval difficulties are the result of general semantic memory dysfunction. In 1999 Ostad has noted that the dyscalculia people use fewer procedures and often apply their smaller repertoire in the situations where they are not appropriate. Even the counting of simple and single digits were shown to be vulnerable in dyscalculic people Geary, Bow-Thomas and Yao in 1992 found that dyscalculic people are less likely to detect the counting errors than normal people. However, all these deficits occur by the lacking of the conceptual understanding of the basic ideas of the numerosity and arithmetical concepts. Good memory for arithmetical facts depends and can be able to convert and organise them into meaningful patterns. And coming to the poor memory it can arise when the fact make little sense to the people. The known information from the dyscalculic people was heard badly by themselves is that they cant remember what the teacher is saying about the mathematics. Even some simple tasks like counting and adding single digit numbers dyscalculic people show a kind of rigidity. Geary, Bow-Thomas and Yao in 1992 found that counting should do perfectly from left to right without skipping around. From all these we can find right thing from all these authors observations and description we should note very important thing here is that these people ( Dyscalculics) cant understand the conceptual things in mathematics. Coming to the normal people can understand quickly that objects can count in any order. Underlying processing deficits; It is one kind of the approach to study about developmental dyscalculia and this involves trying to see it as a consequence of cognitive deficits based on the understanding of the mathematical and arithmetic concepts. And all of these proposals have included. Weak phonetic representations An advantage of this approach is there is a possibility of finding exactly the co-morbidity between dyscalculia and dyslexia, as we can find that dyslexics known to suffer from these conditions. Geary and colleagues suggested that semantic memory difficulties are the main cause for the problems of developmental dyscalculics which they are experiencing in number facts. As well as the co-morbid reading difficulties frequently found with dyscalculia. It shows the evidence particularly the argument is based that dyscalculic people have the difficulties in learning and remembering arithmetic facts that this deficit occur by lacking of understanding of math concepts. Empirical evidence for a general semantic deficit in dyscalculic people is thin. In 2002 temple and Sherwood recognises that a group of dyscalculic people are suffering with arithmetical difficulties were slower at colour and object naming than controls. This comes to know their speed and accessibility is very low. However the authors argued a casual relationship between the arithmetical ability and the speed of access It shows that People may be slower especially dyscalculics while the time of processing information in 1997 Jordan and Montana showed that the dyscalculic people can do the mathematical calculation on being unlimited time but they cant perform like the normal people whereas normal people can do significantly in case of time limit In 1999 Mclean and Hitch compared the dyscalculia between the younger and the older people and found that the older people is performing the accuracy than the younger people in the time of solving the arithmetical and mathematical calculation. It reveals that the performance of the older people acquired due to the experienced things which they faced before in their daily life which is continuing from their early starting from the childhood. In 1989 Siegel and Ryan found that people with dyscalculia showing their weak performance only in the fields of arithmetic and mathematical fields such as counting and adding of numerical things but not in the fields of non-numeric. On the other hand that found the spatial working memory and some aspects of central executive function were poorer in the dyscalculic people. Moreover, in2002 temple and Sherwood tested dyscalculic people and controls on forward and backward digit span, word span and corsi blocks (a non-verbal test of working memory). This study reveals there is no difference between groups and no correlation between the working memory measures and arithmetic ability measures. SUBTYPING DYSCALCULIA; The study of developmental dyscalculia has evolved to its new division of approaching to identify dyscalculic subtypes according to the presence or absence of other disorders, in an attempt to highlight the underlying processes that are contributing to the co-morbidity of the disorders. One of the things that we should note is the important correlate of mathematic disability is reading disability. It is estimated that at about 40% who is suffering from the dyslexics also have dyscalculic problems with learning difficulties in mathematics. The one of the most common ways of dyscalculic sub typing is according to whether or not they have a co-morbid reading disability. The conditions that have been associated with dyscalculia are stated below. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (Badian, 1983;Rosenberg, 1989; Shalev, Manor and Gross-Tsur, 1997); poor hand–eye co-ordination (Siegel and Feldman, 1983); poor memory for non-verbal material (Fletcher, 1985); poor social skills (Rourke, 1989) In 1993 shalev and gross-tsur examined a group of seven people with developmental dyscalculia and not responding to intervention. All the group of seven people were suffering from additional neurological conditions, up to dyslexia starting from petit mal seizures and is mentioned as ADHD. DEFICITS OF DYSCALCULIA; Phonological processing in dyslexia In the main case studies of dyslexia phonological processing takes an important role compare to other disorders like sensor motor disorder. This survey was again confirmed by the recent survey shows the 100 percent of samples for dyslexia was affected. This survey had an argument is that theory of phonological processing was the tautology compare it as an explanation. That phonology and the reading of the dyslexia are the two sides of the same coin. That means this awareness was explained more by the reading skill. If the phonological deficit was Leeds to a problem along with the phoneme awareness. The main problems of dyslexics of the phonological problems are rapid naming and the verbal short term memory. This is related to reading. In this we can understand that phonological awareness and the rapid naming deficits are the relatively independent. Phonology does not reduce to the awareness of naming and memory. Some of the aspects for the phonology dyslexics remain to be investigated. ADHD: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is presented in the childrens. This is to cause the neurodevelopment disorder. This also most studied part for the people. ADHD public health dimensions are received relatively little interest. According to the survey of epidemiologic the distribution of ADHD around the population by the age, sex, and race and according to the socio economic status. The origins of the risk factors are preventable. In this scenario we are going to discuss few of the independent concepts those having independent case of definition for ADHD. Summarizing the epidemiologic data regarding prevalence. In the literature key gaps were identified and ended with few suggestions for the epidemiogic research. Magnocellular deficit Due to the perceptual deficits of the dyslexia reliability is the one of the problem. With this performance Macarthur proposed the theory. This is one of the heterogeneity dyslexic samples. Mainly the magnocellular is made link with the cerebella dysfunction. These measures are become very hard to incorporate into the routine assessment of the reading. Cerebella hypothesis applied to the dyslexia. Those agree the phenotype. It is the research of phenotypes. With that we can clearly as showed the symptom complex. Auditory deficits; Auditory deficit is defined as the deficiency in one or more behavioural phenomena listed below for suppose deficit in. Auditory discrimination Auditory performance with degraded signals Auditory performance with competing acoustic signals Sound localization and lateralization These mechanisms lead to nonverbal as well as verbal signals and may affect many areas of function. Including speech and language and auditory deficit can delay the maturation in the development of the important auditory centres within the brain. The deficits are related to maturity differences in the developing stages of the brain. And usually auditory deficits represents more static types of problems and these deficits can be caused by tumours, trauma, degenerative disorders, viral infections, surgical compromise, lead poisoning, lack of oxygen auditory deprivation, and so forth. Prevalence of auditory deficits is estimated to be between 2 and 3% and we can observe more in males is often co-exists with other disabilities. And they include speech and language disorders or delays, learning disabilities or dyslexia, attention deficit disorders with or without hyperactivity. Dieted by the reminder of the hypothesis. Learning memory deficits in children; Children having learning disabilities such as dyslexia and dyscalculia. These are tending to may experience the core skills of the reading, writing and the arithmetic operations. These problems are raised at the first days of school. Even if we pass an instruction it needs to