Dissertation Writing Help by Professionals

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Social Class Theory And Political Sociology - 1303 Words

Power is the â€Å"The ability of individuals or groups to make there own concerns and interestes count, even when others resist†. ( Anthony Giddens 2001 ). There are three major theoretical frameworks in political sociology—pluralist, elite theory, and social-class perspectives. Classic pluralist see power held by a variety of groups in society; some of which are more powerful than others.The diverse and competing interests of different groups is the basis for a democratic equilibrium. These groups compete with each other to maximise their influence. No one group or class is able to dominate all other groups because of checks and balances built into a democratic system. Elite theory involves the idea that rather than there being a simple plurality of competing groups in society, there are instead a series of competing elites and powerful groups who are able to impose their will and dominate the rest of society. social-class theory is based off the ideas of Karl Marx. T hese frameworks have set the foundation for most perspectives in political sociology. There are two main sociological perspectives. The Functionalist Perspective, Symbolic Interactionism Perspective and the Conflict Perspective. Functionalism presents society as a machine of interconnected parts that work together in unison to maintain a state of economic balance and social equilibrium for the whole. for example the family, schools, government and religion are social institutions that contribute toShow MoreRelatedThe Social Theory Of Sociology1525 Words   |  7 PagesBeing one of the youngest social sciences in comparison to others, sociology is continuing to develop and form to the beliefs and opinions of present and future generations. The definition of sociology is the methodical study of various societies. These societies are thus the sum of all individuals from small clusters to complex social organizations. Sociology studies societies with a scientific perspective, in order to achieve knowledge concerning human society and ways to attain progress wit hinRead MoreSocial Psychology1267 Words   |  6 PagesSocial psychology tells us that daily behaviors and attitudes stem from the influences of social factors on the individual. In other words, all of our daily actions are fueled from social influences in our daily lives. Social psychology is a branch of psychology concerned with how social phenomena influence us and how people interact with others. There are some basic aspects of social behavior that play a large role in our actions and how we see ourselves. There have been many different theoristsRead MoreAsdfghjkl894 Words   |  4 PagesSociology Research Area * * Aging and the Life Course * Alcohol and Substance Abuse * Asia amp; Asian America * Collective Behavior and Social Movements * Community and Urban Sociology * Comparative and Historical Sociology * Sociology and Computers * Crime, Law amp; Deviance * Economic Sociology * Environment amp; Technology * Family amp; Marriage * History of Sociology * International Migration * Latino/aRead MorePioneers of Sociology812 Words   |  4 PagesPioneers of Sociology * Karl Marx He said that the working class will defeat the ownership class, and result in a utopia where government will wither away to nothing and the principle of economics will be based on For each according to his needs, and from each according to his ability. His contribution to thinking in sociology is mainly in a perspective called Conflict Theory in which social organisation and change is based upon conflicts built into society. Many people see this as havingRead MoreSociological Reflection1258 Words   |  6 PagesShahidullah Soc 205-09 11 Dec 2017 Take Home Final When most people think about sociology they generally think of the study of sociology. However, sociology is much deeper than just the study of sociology. It displays a plethora of sub topics such as: crime, deviance, bureaucracy, culture, criminality, socialization, economy, politics, religion, education, social class and many more. Throughout this fall semester this sociology course has taught me things that I could never imagine. To be more specificRead MoreDurkheim s Influence On Sociology1240 Words   |  5 PagesMarx, Durkheim, Weber had on sociology as prominent contributors of the discipline. Durkheim and Max Weber, Marx is seen as one of the three founders of the social sciences. Emile Durkheim, was a French sociologist. His theories and writings helped establish the foundations of modern sociology. Durkheim disagreed with most social theorists of the late 1800 s because they thought that individual psychology was the basis of sociology. Durkheim regarded sociology as the study of the society thatRead MoreConflict Theory : Conflict Criminology, And Sociology799 Words   |  4 PagesConflict Criminology and Sociology Karl Marx (1818-1883) was a German philosopher and revolutionary socialist. His works, such as the Communist Manifesto, laid the foundation for what is known as conflict theory. According to this theory, it is viewed that criminal behavior is the result of interpersonal and human conflict (Siegel, 2015). In the book, Using Conflict Theory, the authors, Otomar Wehr (2002), describe conflict as â€Å"any behavior that helps the party to achieve its goal that is incompatibleRead MoreAnalysis of the Main Strengths and Weaknesses of Marx’s Sociological Thought1676 Words   |  7 Pagesall hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles† Marx and Engels (1967, p.67) Born in 1818, Karl Marx, using his philosophical and socialist ideas, attempted to show how conflict and struggle in social development were important in the development of a society. The works of Marx were influenced by three distinct intellectual traditions: German idealist philosophy, French socialism and British political economy. German idealist philosophy is an approachRead MoreStudent s Social Background And Their Connections Within Society1531 Words   |  7 Pagesstudent’s social background and their connections within society. Julie Matthews regards education being concerned with the transmission of culture, values, beliefs, knowledge and skills (2013,p166). Social insights into learner’s backgrounds can expose how and why student’s act and think in a particular way. Developmentally the sociology of education has provided numerous theories, the functionalist perspective, the conflict perspective, Forms of Capital and the Virtual Backpack Theory, which contributesRead MoreUnit 7: Examining Sociological Perspectives P1 P21070 Words   |  5 Pagescollectivism). The open view in sociology can cause debates, disclosure and sometimes even controversy as we will see in the blog. Sociology is the study of society and the different social structures within it. Social structures examples of large groups that are in society. For example, family, religion, health and social care, mass media, economic system etc. Sociology is viewed as the scientific study of society, it is a scientific study because the views presented in sociology is based upon empirical

Bill of Rights and Amendments - 1353 Words

Bill of Rights and Amendments Bill of Rights and Amendments The United States Constitution was recognized to Americans as a vague statement in clarifying the privileges and the rights of individuals and centralizing the power within the government itself. With the passing of the Bill of Rights and the first ten amendments, it grants the people to what is said to be their â€Å"natural rights† following additional rights that have significantly changed our society. Amendments and Constitution According to the Constitution, an amendment may be proposed and be presented, where it is put to a two thirds majority vote in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The original article is then forwarded for processing and†¦show more content†¦It was sent to Congress to be authorized and to enact the appropriate legislations. The House of Representatives vote to propose the 13th Amendment followed the Senate vote, and essentially made the two thirds majority vote (13th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, 2010). Quickly after the ratification by the states it was proclaimed an amendment and adopted in 1865. Unlike most provisions in the Constitution, this amendment was self-executing, that even without action of Congress, to demeanor by secluded individuals. The success and the approval by the necessary three-quarters of U.S states, the 14th Amendment guaranteed to the newly freed slaves protection and citizenship along with all its pri vileges. This amendment resolved any pre-Civil War concerns of the African American community’s citizenship by stating that â€Å"all persons born or naturalized in the United States are citizens of the United States and of the state in which they reside† (Primary Documents of American History, 2011). This amendment also reinsured that they had the equal rights and privileges of the rest of the citizens, and granted all these citizens the â€Å"equal protection of the laws† (Primary Documents of American History, 2011). In the wake of the passage of the 13th and 14th amendment, the 15th amendment gave â€Å"the right of citizens of the United States to vote andShow MoreRelatedThe Bill of Rights Amendments984 Words   |  4 Pagesconstitution has an amendment process that has been included in the Bill of Rights. The amendment allows Americans to make changes to the September 17, 1789 United States Constitution, that was ratified and made law (Zink 450).. The am endment process has made it possible for the constitution to change moderately, than being overhauled, and it has been changed to adhere to the current times and changes. The Second Amendment to the US constitution is part of the Bill of Rights that guarantees all AmericanRead MoreThe Amendment Of The Bill Of Rights1185 Words   |  5 PagesAn important provision of the Bill of Rights is the protection of freedom to publish, as provided by the First Amendment. This protection applies to all kinds of publications, even those that print unpopular opinions. In most censorship cases, every attempt is made to suppress the written word after publication, not before. Minnesota passed a law in 1925 that sought to prevent newspapers, magazines, and other publications from printing obscene, malicious, scandalous and defamatory material. ThisRead MoreThe Amendment Of The Bill Of Rights933 Words   |  4 Pagescommit actions unless they are considered lawful; no one is above the law. This ca n create conflict with our constitutional amendments, because the law can revoke our civil freedoms. Kathleen Ann Ruane, Legislative Attorney, acknowledges that there are exceptions on the first amendment of the Bill of Rights. Ruane notes that some forms of speech are not protected under this right such as obscenity, child pornography, and threats. We need these laws to keep our nation under control and safe; even ifRead MoreThe Bill Of Rights : The Amendment Rights2558 Words   |  11 PagesIn 1791, the Bill of Rights was created to specify the individual rights of every human being. Madison James is the creator of the 10 Amendments, he believed it was necessary to create the document to further explain what the Constitution will provide for each person. The Bill of Rights gives every citizen the right to freedom of religion, freedom of speech, as well as the freedom of the press, and lastly the due process rights. This document was formed when the Constitution in 1789 was dr aftedRead MoreThe Bill Of Rights : The Amendment Rights2558 Words   |  11 PagesIn 1791, the Bill of Rights was created to specify the individual rights of every human being. Madison James is the creator of the 10 Amendments, he believed it was necessary to create the document to further explain what the Constitution will provide for each person. The Bill of Rights gives every citizen the right to freedom of religion, freedom of speech, as well as the freedom of the press, and lastly the due process rights. This document was formed when the Constitution in 1789 was draftedRead MoreThe Bill Of Rights : The Amendment Rights2572 Words   |  11 Pages1 . Introduction In 1791, the Bill of Rights was created to specify the individual rights of every human being. Madison James is the creator of the 10 Amendments, he believed it was necessary to create the document to further explain what the Constitution will provide for each person. The Bill of Rights gives every citizen the right to freedom of religion, freedom of speech, as well as the freedom of the press, and lastly the due process rights. This document was formed when the Constitution inRead MoreThe Fifth Amendment and The Bill of Rights654 Words   |  3 Pagesarea at the time of the murder, he or she has the right to remain silent in order to protect him or herself from self-incrimination, a clause in the Fifth Amendment. The Fifth Amendment upholds the rights of United States citizens against government prosecution. Introduced to the Bill of Rights in 1789, the Fifth Amendment is a noteworthy amendment both during the past and in today’s world. The Fifth Amendment, along with the rest of the Bill of Rights, was proposed by James Madison, providing a wayRead MoreThe Bill Of Rights And The Amendment Of The Constitution962 Words   |  4 Pagesincluded the Bill of rights that provided us with Freedom (Schweikart, 2004). The bill of rights was established so each citizen is equally treated and allowed to share their idea and not be disgraced for it (Bodenhamer, 1993). The first ten amendments to the constitution of the United States established basic American civil liberties (Schweikart, 2004). The Bill of rights and the amendments of the constitution were written about the same time by the same people. The Bill of Rights and amendments both focusedRead MoreThe Role Of The Amendments And The Bill Of Rights1242 Words   |  5 PagesUnited Kingdom. The Constitution and the Amendments are the basis for the criminal system in this country and the procedures for the courts and the law enforcement community. In this essay, the rol e of the amendments and the Bill of Rights will be examined as they relate to the court system and the criminal justice system as a whole. One of the significant amendments in criminal policy is the Fourth Amendment. The documents notable components are; the right to be free from unreasonable searches andRead MoreUs Bill of Rights First Amendment1740 Words   |  7 PagesMary Cathleen ThomasUnited States GovernmentGovt-2305-54245Jinnell Killingsworth | U.S. Bill of Rights | â€Å"Amendment I† | | | 2/19/2011 | | â€Å"The First Amendment† In the beginning, our founding fathers where working on drafting a formal Constitution for our newly formed country. The representatives for some of the newly formed states, worried about the current draft of the Constitution. Many of the states and there representatives, had concerns about the wording of the current

Criminology and the Criminal Justice System Essay

Criminology and the Criminal Justice System Jackulin, Cyrus Sec/340 October, 1, 2012 Criminology and the Criminal Justice System No matter where you live in the world the city or the country crime always happens from murder, rape, robbery, arson, assault, auto theft, and burglary. People try their hardest to try and find an area where they cannot deal with crime you can’t find a place. Either were you live crime goes up or down. Living in Minneapolis Minnesota I seen all types of crimes ranging from burglary to murder. Growing up I heard about crimes happening but I really didn’t understand any of it until I became old enough to really see it for myself. I stayed in Minneapolis up until the end of 2010 because I wanted a†¦show more content†¦These two methods are called UCR which stands for Uniform Crime Report and the other method is the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). Each of these programs has good information about crime problems in the world. Even though the UCR and NCVS are used for different purpose and focuses on too different crimes they both show the crime problems that are going on in the world. The Uniform crime report is a nationwide program started by the FBI. The UCR program primary purpose is to get reliable information to use in law enforcement and other areas like administration, operation, and management. The UCR had gone under a five year redesign in which th at time it converted into a more detailed National Incident-based Reporting system (NIBRS). The NIBRS will provide detail information about every criminal’s incident in 22 categories of offences. Since the 1929 the UCR have collected data from the local and state law enforcement agencies on what they call part I offences’ which is also known as the Crime Index this includes violent crimes like murder and negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault etc. When it comes to reporting data 95 percent of police agencies voluntarily report crime data to the FBI this is not a mandatory to participate in.Since 2004 crime index is no longer reportedShow MoreRelatedCriminology : Criminal Justice System1028 Words   |  5 PagesCriminology Defined: An In Depth Look Of The Criminal Justice System In The U.S. Criminology, as defined by the book Criminal Justice: A Brief Introduction, written by the author Dr. Frank Schmalleger, Ph.D., is â€Å"the scientific study of the causes and prevention of crime and the rehabilitation and punishment of offenders† (Schmalleger, 2006, p. 20). Criminology, in itself, has a wide variety of function in treating crime and providing punishment to those who commit the crimes here in the U.S. SinceRead MoreCriminology And The Criminal Justice System824 Words   |  4 PagesAs it pertains to the last ten years, Criminology and its relevance to the criminal justice system has been taught internationally to a number of students seeking employment within the criminal justice field. Criminology (as a whole) is a comprehensive study of criminal behavior, crime as a social matter, and criminal conduct. This is best explained in Stout’s book titled Applied Criminology when it is stated that â€Å"Different criminological theories emerge from differen t contexts, are shaped by differentRead MoreCriminology : Criminal Justice System1117 Words   |  5 PagesCriminology Defined: An in Depth Look of the Criminal Justice System in the U.S. Criminology is defined by the book Criminal Justice: A Brief Introduction, which was written by author Dr. Frank Schmalleger, Ph.D., as â€Å"the scientific study of the causes and prevention of crime and the rehabilitation and punishment of offenders† (Schmalleger, 2006, p. 20). People look at criminology in a big concept of criminal prevention but criminology in itself carries a wide variety of functions in treating crimeRead MoreThe Role Of Criminology And The Criminal Justice System1565 Words   |  7 Pagesthese set rules is a crime and it is punishable as stipulated in most state constitutions across the world. Through criminal justice systems, people’s conducts are judged according to guiding laws and principles and those found guilty are punished for their crimes. Criminological enterprise In the above context, criminology therefore refers to the scientific approach to studying criminal behavior. Apparently, every crime committed is usually motivated by different factors. For instance, some peopleRead MoreA Comparative Study of the Field Criminal Justice and Criminology1314 Words   |  6 PagesFields Criminal Justice and Criminology Javier Landa-Miranda Ivy Tech Community College CRIM 101 What is Criminal Justice and what is Criminology? They are the same? Those are the questions that people ask their selves when they talk about those fields. There might be many controversies about the differences and similarities about Criminal Justice and Criminology. People must think that these two fields are totally different or just the same thing. The reality is that Criminal Justice and CriminologyRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Theory Integration1050 Words   |  5 Pagestwo theories are relaying the same message with different opinions. Another advantage is that integration brings consistency to theories Future of Theory Integration Theory integration requires goals in order to make an impact on the future of criminology. According to Muftic (2009), the first goal of integration is theory reduction. Reducing the number of theories that basically explain the same behavior reduces the competition amongst researchers as well as inconsistency in theories. A second goalRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System1700 Words   |  7 PagesIn order for the Criminal Justice System to effectively deter crime, it is imperative to understand what causes crime, understand why crime exists and why offenders engage in criminal behaviour. In the 18th century criminologists such as Jeremy Bentham, Cesare Bonesana-Beccaria and Cesare Lombroso all established criminological theories, in an attempt to achieve this goal. The most influential theories are known as the Classical and Positivist perspectives. Both of these theories have had a long-termRead MoreCriminology And The Scientific Study Of Crime And Criminals767 Words   |  4 Pages1. What is criminology and which scientific areas does it borrow from? Criminology is the scientific study of crime and criminals including its causes. It is a sub-group of sociology which is the scientific study of social behavior. Criminology uses several fields of study, including psychology, psychiatry, statistics, and anthropology. 2. What is meant by valid and reliable statistics? A valid statistic measures facts. While a reliable statistic measures consistency from one measurementRead MorePositivism And Classical Criminology1069 Words   |  5 PagesIn Criminology there are two main approaches when talking about why criminals commit crime: positivism and classical criminology. Throughout the decades there have been many criminologists that debate this subject like positivist Cesare Lombroso who believed that criminals were less evolved than non-criminals and believed they had a more primitive mind. Whereas Bentham viewed all people as rational decision makers and created the pain-pleasure theory. In the Sage Dictionary of Criminology the definitionRead MoreClassical Theory of Criminology Essay1523 Words   |  7 PagesCriminology is the study of why individuals engage or commit crimes and the reasons as to why they behave in certain ways in different situations (Hagan, 2010). Through understanding the reasons or why an individual commits a crime, one can come up with ways to prevent and control crime or rehabilitate criminals. There exist a large number of criminology theories, some link crime to an individual or person; they believe a person weighs the cons and pros and makes a conscious decision on whether to

Flowers For Algernon Essay Conclusion Example For Students

Flowers For Algernon Essay Conclusion The story Flowers for Algernon depicts the meaning of intelligence in a very deep sense. The narrow definition intelligence is the capacity to learn, to understand, or to deal with new or trying situations. It is a concrete definition in such a way that it also means the ability to apply knowledge to manipulate ones environment or to think abstractly as measured by objective criteria as tests. Yet the story goes beyond this concrete explanation of what intelligence really is. It shows a whole new perspective of the meaning intelligence. The novel gives a theory of the more intelligent you become the more problems you will obtain. As a result your intellectual growth is going to outstrip your emotional growth. This theory is shown in the novel with Charlie having two growths, intellectual and emotional. These two growths interact by reason of once there is a high intellectual growth that is rapidly out growing, the emotional growth will stay the same or increase at a much lower speed. The definition of intelligence that is explained in the book is having certain attributes that help you become a stronger individual. The qualities are having honesty, ethics morals and compassion. One has to achieve this intelligence thoughtlessly; Charlie shows this before he has his operation. By reaching this type of intelligence a person does not have to have a lot knowledge or a high I.Q, but you may reach peace in life by being a spiritually kind person that is previously show in the abstract definition. The only positive effects of the intellectual growth that one can gain is to be able to experience what the concrete definition was like in ones own personal experience. Yet the negative effects of the operation, which were great, was the intellectual and emotional growth colliding. As a human that was born with the intellectual potential and without a disability, would have experienced this over a normal human life span, and the emotional growth would increase along side of the intellectual- set by societys standards. Reading the novel has a clear definition of the more maturity you gain the less intelligent you are, and the more innocence you have the more intelligence you gain.

Introduction to Marketing Core Job of Marketing

Question: Describe about the Introduction to Marketing for Core Job of Marketing. Answer: Learning Journal 1: Marketing is one of the most crucial activities which are responsible for organizational success. The core job of marketing is to recognize the demand of products and services in the market and according to its organizational goals and objectives are adjusted to meet customer demand and earn revenue profit (Hollensen, 2015). In an organization other departments are directly or indirectly related to marketing. According to Kotler Keller, 2015, Marketing is a process where the organization strategizes its activities to meet customer needs and desires profitability. According to my study and analysis of the module and previous experience as marketing executive, I believe that marketing is a process which is more than just selling and advertising and the story does not ends there. According to my understanding it is about recognizing and considering the competitiveness of the market and where as a marketer we have to tap the current trends and changes in the market, and reaching consume rs with products and services that matches their wants, desires, and needs. There are mainly four types of consumers Seasonal Customers, Personal Consumers, Organizational Consumers, Impulsive Buyer, Discount Driven Consumers, and Need Based Consumers and Habitual Consumers (Jobber Ellis-Chadwick, 2012). I consider myself a Habitual consumer as I am very brand conscious and I tend to choose same brand of products and services when purchasing something for my personal use. For instance, I tend to buy Pepsi over Coca Cola as I have become habituated with the soft drink brand Pepsi. Learning Journal 2: In this module we learnt about marketing strategy and why it is important for organizational success. In the contemporary competitive market, markets use strategic planning for their organizational competitive advantage. It is the framework to achieve organizational success or business objective. According to my understanding of module 2, it provides a business organization a focus and direction to recognize the prospect and chances that are worth following as well avoiding possible threats. A successful marketing strategy will generate consumer preference for the brand (MacInnis, et al. 2014). To take my example, I am a regular customer of ASOS when I am buying cloths for myself online. I prefer ASOS because of its customer friendly website, long product line, easy payment options, and quick delivery; all these attributes have created a strong brand image in my perception. So, whenever I do online shopping for clothes I instantly choose ASOS. As a regular user of ASOS website, I hav e observed how user friendly website it splits down its products into related and constructive categories, like, product type, material, colour, price, purpose, etc. It is very stylish and easy to navigate which allows targeting its customer successfully. And these are the reason I am a loyal customers of ASOS.com. Learning Journal 3: In this module we have learnt about environmental analysis in strategic marketing. Environmental analysis is a strategic framework which is utilized by marketers to recognize all the external and internal factors that effects organizational performance (Kotler, 2009). Environmental analysis can be subdivided into Micro and macro environmental analysis. In simple words, micro environmental factors are those which directly affect organizational performance and they are staffs, customers, suppliers, shareholders, and competitors. Whereas, macro environmental factors are those which indirectly effect organizational performance and they are socio-cultural, legal, technological, political and environmental. To understand and recognize the environmental factors, markets use SWOT, PESTEL, Porters Five Force analysis, and etc frameworks. For instance, let us discuss environmental factors on mobile phone products- The micro environmental analysis helps marketers to position the on the whole goals, strategies and policies of the business. Whereas, the macro environmental analysis usually allows mobile phone business organizations to understand the risks, threats and opportunities that are present inside the industry and the factors which are beyond control of business. Restaurant is one of the most common industries in service industry. Micro environmental factors like availability of skilled staffs, customer preferences, relationship with suppliers and competition in the market or competitors strategic planning can affect restaurant business. Whereas, macro environmental factors like local government policy reforms, socio-cultural preference or taboo over a specific kind of cruise, environmental effects on the process of business can directly change or affect restaurant business. Learning Journal 4: According to my learning outcome of this learning module the following are some of the factors that make a good market research. They are: A successful marketing research utilizes the standard of the scientific methods, which are observation, proposition, calculation and testing (Malhotra, 2008). As the major objective of a market research is to recognize useful data and information, how I conduct my research is a very crucial factor. To make my research successful and effective I should follow the above standard method. A successful market research utilizes multiple methods to receive information data and avoids relaying on only one method. An effective research identifies the importance of utilizing multiple methods and sources to acquire the required information. To conduct a successful market research, a marketer should make the scenario a win-win-win situation. A promising research should show value for organization, product, customers, and should not take advantage of the situation. According to my learning outcome of this learning module the following are some of the factors that make a bad or unsuccessful market research. They are: Wrong or irrelevant questions that does not focus on the main concern of the research. Lack of sustained pace to market research to analyse and recognize continues shits in customer preferences, competitions and other environmental factoUse of amateur inexpensive survey software fails to focus on the main problem in the organizational performance. A successful market research requires more than intelligence and software, it requires proper knowledge and experience. Learning Journal 5: The consumer buying decision process is a complex method for every time an individual makes a buying process (Kotler, et al. 2015). Generally, I buy products when I need one and which suits my pocket. But in this model we learned how factors effects an individuals purchasing decisions. In reference to the consumer decision making model, I would like to explain my buying behaviour. Need recognition- I buy a product when I feel the need or to simplify it is a situation when there is a gap between the actual situation and the desired situation. For instance, when my phone broke, I felt the need to buy one. Information search- I search for the best possible way to find out what are the good phones that are available at the market. Alternative valuation- Then I searches for the alternative models of phones that are available in the market. I try to analyse their performance, price, value for money etc. Purchasing decision- Then I finally makes decision of buying a phone which generally will depend on the phone features, previous experience with the brand, price and availability of discount etc. Post- Purchase behaviour- Although I learnt about this step after the course completion but this is an important behaviour in the whole process. This generally involves the sense of satisfaction after buying the product In consumer buying process, some consumers make quick decisions in comparison to others who make slow decisions, these is because of consumers perception and experience about the product or brand (Solomon, 2014). This is known as level of involvement. When buying an expensive product, the decisions I make are not impulsive and are rather high involvements in my decision making process, but in case of cheap or low involvement products I often make impulsive decisions. According to my observations while buying a service my purchasing decision process remains more or less same with the product buying behaviour. Learning Journal 6: In this module, we have learned about market segmentation and its importance in targeting the prospective customers. In simple words, market segmentation is a marketing strategy which engages in breaking a broader target market in sub market targets according to needs, priorities, values, etc and then planning and applying strategy marketing tactics to target them (Chernev, 2014). For developing a marketing strategy, it is crucial for a business organization to recognize its target audience. Some of the organizations that have effectively targeted the market strategic segmentation plans are McDonalds, Walmart, Coca Cola, etc. McDonalds for instance have segmented its products according to demographics, psychographic and behavioural market segments (Pickton, Broderick, 2001). They have also segmented their products according to age- kids, kid-adults and family. But it hasnt targeted single adults. Wal-Mart on the other hand mainly segments their market into four different segments- the geographic, demographic, behavioural and the psychographic. But Coca Cola does not have specific target segmentation but is applies its marketing strategy by introducing new products. The management of Coca Cola utilizes a combination of undifferentiated niche targeting strategies to achieve competitive advantage over its competitors (Hartley Claycomb, 2013). Coca Cola doesnt target a specific segment but adapts its marketing strategy by developing new products. Similarly it uses combine of undifferentiated niche targeting strategies in order to drive sales in the competitive market. Its product Cola is popular worldwide is liked by people of all age group while the diet Coca Cola targets niche segment for people who are more health conscious. Coca Cola make use of aggressive positioning strategy in order to stay in advance of its competitors soft drinks market. Learning Journal 7: A product does include goods, services, ideas, and people. A product can even be a physical or virtual or cyber in its form. It is basically an item which is offered for sale. Each and every product that is produced is made at a cost and so each of them bears a value to it when sold. Every product has a life cycle and replaced by other after a certain period. When I buy a product, I believe the experience is important because it helps me to build perception about a product which assists me in my buying decisions. Products usability develops user experience. Learning Journal 8: The new age marketers are utilizing online promotional techniques to influence consumer buying behaviour (De Mooij, 2013). This is a matter of study that to what extent online promotional techniques and social media marketing influences in buying behaviour of an individual. Marketers are using online product reviews, which are often evoking customer purchasing decisions. For instance, when I shop online in e-commerce websites like Amazon, ASOS, etc I tend to check the product reviews that are provided by other users who have shared their experience regarding the particular product. Generally these testimonies or reviews are by genuine customer experience so referring to them often gives idea about the product quality or experience both positive and negative. So, often these e-commerce websites asks their buyers to write feedback about the product so that it will encourage others to buy the product. Parents, family and friends play a very vital role in shaping our behaviour and principles- this is known as peer pressure. While we interact with others in our day to day life, we often exchange our views and beliefs which to some amount influence our behaviour. The more we interact and communicate the more chances of shaping our views in influence of others. People with whom I am the most close to are my parents and my best friend tends to influence me most. Learning Journal 9: Pricing is a strategy which sets value of a product. When buying a product I look for a good deal not a cheap product. Even though price makes me think about buying the product or should find an alternative cheaper version of the product. Price facilitates my purchasing decisions about what should I buy and what is beyond by purchasing limit. Thus it can be concluded that the function of price of a product plays a crucial both as dominant and intricate (Wilson Gilligan, 2012). When buying a service, it is often difficult to understand the real value of the service before using it. A product is a tangible element which we can touch and hold and anticipate about its quality. It is quite difficult for me to evaluate the real value for a product. For instance, last year I went on a vacation and stayed at a hotel which charged us less than market value. I anticipated that they are charging less may be because they have inferior service quality. But to my surprise, the value of service was more than our expectation. So, it becomes difficult to evaluate the real value of a service considering its pricing. Learning Journal 10: Yes, I am a regular purchaser of online products. One of the main reasons why I buy online is because I get a list of alternatives where I can compare and buy among products. Ecommerce websites like Amazon, Flipkart, etc have a wider shelf space as compared to brick and mortar shopping malls. I have just to turn on my internet to get a wide range of products on my computer screen to choose from. One of the most positive parts of online shopping is that we can view reviews from other buys so we get a clear picture about the product or service quality before considering of purchasing it. I would not buy flowers and medicines online because I prefer choosing my flowers with their freshness, which online cannot guarantee me. And I will not buy medicine because there has been news recently about the fraud dug producers who are selling duplicate medicinal drugs online and misguiding consumers. I would rather visit a local drug store and buy my medicines checking their expiry date rather than buying online. I would like to buy electronic products, cloths, kitchen appliances, fishing gear, groceries, hotel reservations, plane tickets, toys, video games, movie tickets and books because in our busy schedule I do not have time to visit brick and mortar shops to buy individual items of my needs. I would rather sit and order my needs in just one click. Learning Journal 11: Marketing is a strategic business phenomenon which is more than just advertising and selling. I joined the above course with the primary objective of self development and career enhancement. Finishing the course modules has shaped a great learning path for me on numerous points. The module contents, valuable coaching styles of our respected teaching guide, satisfactory learning resources and individual learning hard work. Learning marketing has unlocked a comprehensively knowledge about the principle features of product and service design from marketing point of view in both as theoretical and practical stages. I have learned about how branding is important in marketing and how different factors effect buyers purchasing decisions. So, as a marketing student and a prospective marketing this learning module will assist me in strategic decision making for marketing a product or service and become professionally successful. Learning marketing has changed my perception about how products and services are marketed and what are the tactics that are used by organizations to attract the target audience. After finishing the course module my purchasing decisions will be defiantly changed. Reference: Chernev, A. (2014).Strategic marketing management. Cerebellum Press. De Mooij, M. (2013).Global marketing and advertising: Understanding cultural paradoxes. Sage Publications. Hartley, R. F., Claycomb, C. (2013).Marketing mistakes and successes. Wiley. Hollensen, S. (2015).Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Jobber, D., Ellis-Chadwick, F. (2012).Principles and practice of marketing(No. 7th). McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Kotler, P. (2009).Marketing management: A south Asian perspective. Pearson Education India. Kotler, P., Burton, S., Deans, K., Brown, L., Armstrong, G. (2015).Marketing. Pearson Higher Education AU. Kotler, P., Keller, K. L., Manceau, D., Hmonnet-Goujot, A. (2015).Marketing management(Vol. 14). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. MacInnis, D. J., Park, C. W., Priester, J. W. (2014).Handbook of brand relationships. Routledge. Malhotra, N. K. (2008).Marketing research: An applied orientation, 5/e. Pearson Education India. Pickton, D., Broderick, A. (2001).Integrated marketing communications. Harlow: Prentice Hall. Solomon, M. R. (2014).Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being. Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: prentice Hall. Wilson, R. M., Gilligan, C. (2012).Strategic marketing management. Routledge.