Introduction to Marketing Core Job of Marketing

Question: Describe about the Introduction to Marketing for Core Job of Marketing. Answer: Learning Journal 1: Marketing is one of the most crucial activities which are responsible for organizational success. The core job of marketing is to recognize the demand of products and services in the market and according to its organizational goals and objectives are adjusted to meet customer demand and earn revenue profit (Hollensen, 2015). In an organization other departments are directly or indirectly related to marketing. According to Kotler Keller, 2015, Marketing is a process where the organization strategizes its activities to meet customer needs and desires profitability. According to my study and analysis of the module and previous experience as marketing executive, I believe that marketing is a process which is more than just selling and advertising and the story does not ends there. According to my understanding it is about recognizing and considering the competitiveness of the market and where as a marketer we have to tap the current trends and changes in the market, and reaching consume rs with products and services that matches their wants, desires, and needs. There are mainly four types of consumers Seasonal Customers, Personal Consumers, Organizational Consumers, Impulsive Buyer, Discount Driven Consumers, and Need Based Consumers and Habitual Consumers (Jobber Ellis-Chadwick, 2012). I consider myself a Habitual consumer as I am very brand conscious and I tend to choose same brand of products and services when purchasing something for my personal use. For instance, I tend to buy Pepsi over Coca Cola as I have become habituated with the soft drink brand Pepsi. Learning Journal 2: In this module we learnt about marketing strategy and why it is important for organizational success. In the contemporary competitive market, markets use strategic planning for their organizational competitive advantage. It is the framework to achieve organizational success or business objective. According to my understanding of module 2, it provides a business organization a focus and direction to recognize the prospect and chances that are worth following as well avoiding possible threats. A successful marketing strategy will generate consumer preference for the brand (MacInnis, et al. 2014). To take my example, I am a regular customer of ASOS when I am buying cloths for myself online. I prefer ASOS because of its customer friendly website, long product line, easy payment options, and quick delivery; all these attributes have created a strong brand image in my perception. So, whenever I do online shopping for clothes I instantly choose ASOS. As a regular user of ASOS website, I hav e observed how user friendly website it splits down its products into related and constructive categories, like, product type, material, colour, price, purpose, etc. It is very stylish and easy to navigate which allows targeting its customer successfully. And these are the reason I am a loyal customers of ASOS.com. Learning Journal 3: In this module we have learnt about environmental analysis in strategic marketing. Environmental analysis is a strategic framework which is utilized by marketers to recognize all the external and internal factors that effects organizational performance (Kotler, 2009). Environmental analysis can be subdivided into Micro and macro environmental analysis. In simple words, micro environmental factors are those which directly affect organizational performance and they are staffs, customers, suppliers, shareholders, and competitors. Whereas, macro environmental factors are those which indirectly effect organizational performance and they are socio-cultural, legal, technological, political and environmental. To understand and recognize the environmental factors, markets use SWOT, PESTEL, Porters Five Force analysis, and etc frameworks. For instance, let us discuss environmental factors on mobile phone products- The micro environmental analysis helps marketers to position the on the whole goals, strategies and policies of the business. Whereas, the macro environmental analysis usually allows mobile phone business organizations to understand the risks, threats and opportunities that are present inside the industry and the factors which are beyond control of business. Restaurant is one of the most common industries in service industry. Micro environmental factors like availability of skilled staffs, customer preferences, relationship with suppliers and competition in the market or competitors strategic planning can affect restaurant business. Whereas, macro environmental factors like local government policy reforms, socio-cultural preference or taboo over a specific kind of cruise, environmental effects on the process of business can directly change or affect restaurant business. Learning Journal 4: According to my learning outcome of this learning module the following are some of the factors that make a good market research. They are: A successful marketing research utilizes the standard of the scientific methods, which are observation, proposition, calculation and testing (Malhotra, 2008). As the major objective of a market research is to recognize useful data and information, how I conduct my research is a very crucial factor. To make my research successful and effective I should follow the above standard method. A successful market research utilizes multiple methods to receive information data and avoids relaying on only one method. An effective research identifies the importance of utilizing multiple methods and sources to acquire the required information. To conduct a successful market research, a marketer should make the scenario a win-win-win situation. A promising research should show value for organization, product, customers, and should not take advantage of the situation. According to my learning outcome of this learning module the following are some of the factors that make a bad or unsuccessful market research. They are: Wrong or irrelevant questions that does not focus on the main concern of the research. Lack of sustained pace to market research to analyse and recognize continues shits in customer preferences, competitions and other environmental factoUse of amateur inexpensive survey software fails to focus on the main problem in the organizational performance. A successful market research requires more than intelligence and software, it requires proper knowledge and experience. Learning Journal 5: The consumer buying decision process is a complex method for every time an individual makes a buying process (Kotler, et al. 2015). Generally, I buy products when I need one and which suits my pocket. But in this model we learned how factors effects an individuals purchasing decisions. In reference to the consumer decision making model, I would like to explain my buying behaviour. Need recognition- I buy a product when I feel the need or to simplify it is a situation when there is a gap between the actual situation and the desired situation. For instance, when my phone broke, I felt the need to buy one. Information search- I search for the best possible way to find out what are the good phones that are available at the market. Alternative valuation- Then I searches for the alternative models of phones that are available in the market. I try to analyse their performance, price, value for money etc. Purchasing decision- Then I finally makes decision of buying a phone which generally will depend on the phone features, previous experience with the brand, price and availability of discount etc. Post- Purchase behaviour- Although I learnt about this step after the course completion but this is an important behaviour in the whole process. This generally involves the sense of satisfaction after buying the product In consumer buying process, some consumers make quick decisions in comparison to others who make slow decisions, these is because of consumers perception and experience about the product or brand (Solomon, 2014). This is known as level of involvement. When buying an expensive product, the decisions I make are not impulsive and are rather high involvements in my decision making process, but in case of cheap or low involvement products I often make impulsive decisions. According to my observations while buying a service my purchasing decision process remains more or less same with the product buying behaviour. Learning Journal 6: In this module, we have learned about market segmentation and its importance in targeting the prospective customers. In simple words, market segmentation is a marketing strategy which engages in breaking a broader target market in sub market targets according to needs, priorities, values, etc and then planning and applying strategy marketing tactics to target them (Chernev, 2014). For developing a marketing strategy, it is crucial for a business organization to recognize its target audience. Some of the organizations that have effectively targeted the market strategic segmentation plans are McDonalds, Walmart, Coca Cola, etc. McDonalds for instance have segmented its products according to demographics, psychographic and behavioural market segments (Pickton, Broderick, 2001). They have also segmented their products according to age- kids, kid-adults and family. But it hasnt targeted single adults. Wal-Mart on the other hand mainly segments their market into four different segments- the geographic, demographic, behavioural and the psychographic. But Coca Cola does not have specific target segmentation but is applies its marketing strategy by introducing new products. The management of Coca Cola utilizes a combination of undifferentiated niche targeting strategies to achieve competitive advantage over its competitors (Hartley Claycomb, 2013). Coca Cola doesnt target a specific segment but adapts its marketing strategy by developing new products. Similarly it uses combine of undifferentiated niche targeting strategies in order to drive sales in the competitive market. Its product Cola is popular worldwide is liked by people of all age group while the diet Coca Cola targets niche segment for people who are more health conscious. Coca Cola make use of aggressive positioning strategy in order to stay in advance of its competitors soft drinks market. Learning Journal 7: A product does include goods, services, ideas, and people. A product can even be a physical or virtual or cyber in its form. It is basically an item which is offered for sale. Each and every product that is produced is made at a cost and so each of them bears a value to it when sold. Every product has a life cycle and replaced by other after a certain period. When I buy a product, I believe the experience is important because it helps me to build perception about a product which assists me in my buying decisions. Products usability develops user experience. Learning Journal 8: The new age marketers are utilizing online promotional techniques to influence consumer buying behaviour (De Mooij, 2013). This is a matter of study that to what extent online promotional techniques and social media marketing influences in buying behaviour of an individual. Marketers are using online product reviews, which are often evoking customer purchasing decisions. For instance, when I shop online in e-commerce websites like Amazon, ASOS, etc I tend to check the product reviews that are provided by other users who have shared their experience regarding the particular product. Generally these testimonies or reviews are by genuine customer experience so referring to them often gives idea about the product quality or experience both positive and negative. So, often these e-commerce websites asks their buyers to write feedback about the product so that it will encourage others to buy the product. Parents, family and friends play a very vital role in shaping our behaviour and principles- this is known as peer pressure. While we interact with others in our day to day life, we often exchange our views and beliefs which to some amount influence our behaviour. The more we interact and communicate the more chances of shaping our views in influence of others. People with whom I am the most close to are my parents and my best friend tends to influence me most. Learning Journal 9: Pricing is a strategy which sets value of a product. When buying a product I look for a good deal not a cheap product. Even though price makes me think about buying the product or should find an alternative cheaper version of the product. Price facilitates my purchasing decisions about what should I buy and what is beyond by purchasing limit. Thus it can be concluded that the function of price of a product plays a crucial both as dominant and intricate (Wilson Gilligan, 2012). When buying a service, it is often difficult to understand the real value of the service before using it. A product is a tangible element which we can touch and hold and anticipate about its quality. It is quite difficult for me to evaluate the real value for a product. For instance, last year I went on a vacation and stayed at a hotel which charged us less than market value. I anticipated that they are charging less may be because they have inferior service quality. But to my surprise, the value of service was more than our expectation. So, it becomes difficult to evaluate the real value of a service considering its pricing. Learning Journal 10: Yes, I am a regular purchaser of online products. One of the main reasons why I buy online is because I get a list of alternatives where I can compare and buy among products. Ecommerce websites like Amazon, Flipkart, etc have a wider shelf space as compared to brick and mortar shopping malls. I have just to turn on my internet to get a wide range of products on my computer screen to choose from. One of the most positive parts of online shopping is that we can view reviews from other buys so we get a clear picture about the product or service quality before considering of purchasing it. I would not buy flowers and medicines online because I prefer choosing my flowers with their freshness, which online cannot guarantee me. And I will not buy medicine because there has been news recently about the fraud dug producers who are selling duplicate medicinal drugs online and misguiding consumers. I would rather visit a local drug store and buy my medicines checking their expiry date rather than buying online. I would like to buy electronic products, cloths, kitchen appliances, fishing gear, groceries, hotel reservations, plane tickets, toys, video games, movie tickets and books because in our busy schedule I do not have time to visit brick and mortar shops to buy individual items of my needs. I would rather sit and order my needs in just one click. Learning Journal 11: Marketing is a strategic business phenomenon which is more than just advertising and selling. I joined the above course with the primary objective of self development and career enhancement. Finishing the course modules has shaped a great learning path for me on numerous points. The module contents, valuable coaching styles of our respected teaching guide, satisfactory learning resources and individual learning hard work. Learning marketing has unlocked a comprehensively knowledge about the principle features of product and service design from marketing point of view in both as theoretical and practical stages. I have learned about how branding is important in marketing and how different factors effect buyers purchasing decisions. So, as a marketing student and a prospective marketing this learning module will assist me in strategic decision making for marketing a product or service and become professionally successful. Learning marketing has changed my perception about how products and services are marketed and what are the tactics that are used by organizations to attract the target audience. After finishing the course module my purchasing decisions will be defiantly changed. Reference: Chernev, A. (2014).Strategic marketing management. Cerebellum Press. De Mooij, M. (2013).Global marketing and advertising: Understanding cultural paradoxes. Sage Publications. Hartley, R. F., Claycomb, C. (2013).Marketing mistakes and successes. Wiley. Hollensen, S. (2015).Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Jobber, D., Ellis-Chadwick, F. (2012).Principles and practice of marketing(No. 7th). McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Kotler, P. (2009).Marketing management: A south Asian perspective. Pearson Education India. Kotler, P., Burton, S., Deans, K., Brown, L., Armstrong, G. (2015).Marketing. Pearson Higher Education AU. Kotler, P., Keller, K. L., Manceau, D., Hmonnet-Goujot, A. (2015).Marketing management(Vol. 14). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. MacInnis, D. J., Park, C. W., Priester, J. W. (2014).Handbook of brand relationships. Routledge. Malhotra, N. K. (2008).Marketing research: An applied orientation, 5/e. Pearson Education India. Pickton, D., Broderick, A. (2001).Integrated marketing communications. Harlow: Prentice Hall. Solomon, M. R. (2014).Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being. Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: prentice Hall. Wilson, R. M., Gilligan, C. (2012).Strategic marketing management. Routledge.

Moon Flight Essays - Apollo Program, United States,

Moon Flight On May 25, 1961, John F. Kennedy delivered one of the most memorable State of the Union addresses in the history of the United States. "I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the earth" (http://www.cs.umb.edu/jfklibrary, President John F. Kennedy's Special Message to the Congress on Urgent National Needs). With those words, Kennedy launched a new era of space exploration in the United States. Although the National Aeronautics And Space Administration was created in 1958 by the National Aeronautics and Space Act (http://www.hq.nasa.gov, Key Documents), and the Russians already launched the first satellite into space in 1957, the US was still at a stand still on the subject. What the country needed was a wake-up call, and that is exactly what it got from one of the most celebrated speakers in its history. The new era promised much, but expected little. From USA's struggle to be the dominant world power in the Cold War Era, to the careless depletion of natural resources in the Information Age, space exploration and astronauts were and will be the real keys to the new millennium and beyond. Before looking into the future, or even evaluating the present, one must look in detail at the history of the space project. The missions that gave scientists and engineers the necessary data and experience to make new, safer, more reliable and intricate equipment were launched long before there was realistic talk of sending probes to Mars. The astronauts that helped shape the training programs, took the beatings of primitive flight tests, and died in order to serve their country were born before World War II. And even the Russian Space Program was crucial to what the space program is today. It fueled competition, and provided more resources for American engineers. Until Apollo 11, they were ahead of the Americans in almost everyway, with their launch of Sputnik, a unmanned satellite in 1957, and their countless firsts in orbiting and space walks. Yuri Gagarin was the first man in space. Although most of the missions that have been launched have been important in their own ways, some missions just stand out, whether it was the first step on the Moon, or the first mission to Mars. NASA's first high profile program was Project Mercury, an effort to learn if humans could survive in space. It was the prelude to the later missions, and it gave NASA the necessary data to build better, and more comfortable ships for humans to stay in space for extended periods of time. The first launch of the Mercury program was the LJ-1 on August 21, 1959. At thirty-five minutes before launch, evacuation of the area had been proceeding on schedule. Suddenly, half an hour before launch-time, an explosive flash occurred. When the smoke cleared it was evident that only the capsule-and-tower combination had been launched, on a trajectory similar to an off-the-pad abort (http://www.ksc.nasa.gov, Mercury: LJ-1). The first mildly successful spacecraft launch occurred September 9, 1959. Although the BJ-1 ship experienced some problems, and the timing on some of the separation procedures was off, the capsule made it back to earth some seven hours after lift-off. The capsule orbited the earth for approximately thirteen minutes (Mercury: BJ-1). Mercury mission MA-5 was the first to carry live organisms into sub-orbit. Although Enos - a chimpanzee, was not a perfect substitute for a human, he served as a good test for the environmental controls of the capsule. He orbited the earth in total weightlessness for over three hours and upon landing was in perfect physical condition (Mercury: MA-5). On May 5, 1961, Freedom 7 was the first launch to carry humans into space. Alan B. Shepard, Jr. was the only crewmember, and the successful mission lasted for over 15 minutes (Mercury: MR-3). More manned flights from the Mercury series followed, highlighted by the Friendship 7, where on February 20, 1962, John Glenn was the first American in actual orbit, and he orbited the earth three times for a little under five hours (Mercury: MA-6). The last mission from the Mercury project came on May 15, 1963, where L. Gordon Cooper was in orbit in the Faith 7 for over a day. Total weightless time was over thirty-four hours, and the mission was celebrated and deemed more than successful (Mercury: MA-9). Gemini missions followed which built on the success of the Mercury flights, and basically followed the same outlines, except with a crew

Sample Essay on the Implicit Association Test in APA Format

Sample Essay on the Implicit Association Test in APA FormatSample essay on implicit association test in APA format discusses the validity of the test. Though this essay has been written as a sample essay, the concepts it contains are very important for students to be aware of. Implicit Association Test (IAT) is an innovative technique that helps test students' cognitive abilities, though it doesn't mean that students can get complete IAT certification from one practice session.Explicit Test Explains Implicit association test is a very common testing technique employed by a lot of universities and colleges to evaluate the student's academic abilities. Students are required to answer questions that are not obvious or very evident at first glance. Though it is common to see test takers trying to talk about the answer without analyzing the problem they are facing, they cannot do that with an IAT.The main part of the IAT is where students are asked a series of questions relating to the va rious topics and applications. These include issues of driving, money, planning, managing money, budgeting, managing time, selling, customer relation, sales and others. A sample essay on implicit association test in APA format would include a sentence on how a computer application works.Computer test Is also one of the best ways to measure a person's cognitive skills by comparing a person to a computer, which has thousands of questions for a test. A sample essay on implicit association test in APA format would discuss how the software/program you are using helps you make decisions. It should also mention the positive side of using the software or program.The computer test for a verbal IQ test means that the person is using his memory, but that isn't clear to him. A sample essay on implicit association test in APA format would help you understand this concept. Apart from this, a sample essay on implicit association test in APA format will show a real world example on how a person can face the problem of accepting responsibility for his actions.The solution must involve making yourself accountable for what you do, otherwise you will not see anything great from the process of change. A sample essay on implicit association test in APA format would show the importance of recognizing mistakes or misinterpretations made during the tests. For example, if a student has misunderstood the data collection questions or has failed to comprehend the terms used, then the students must write an essay explaining these problems.It is better to understand what the problem is rather than worrying about getting evidence. A sample essay on implicit association test in APA format will also show that the reasons why students sometimes get frustrated while studying and some examples on other situations will help students avoid confusions. A sample essay on implicit association test in APA format will also help the student to study for the test.Another important idea that comes out from an APA test is the ability to analyze the answer and deal with contradictions. A sample essay on implicit association test in APA format shows how students should deal with these contradictions during the entire process of study.

Free Essays on Art History Essay

There were many difficulties and challenges dealt with in the seventeenth century, some which have many similarities to difficulties and challenges in today’s society. During the 17th Century; also known as the Baroque Period, many investigations and discoveries formed and changed the way society viewed the world. For example 2 philosophers of this time, and Rene Descartes’ established a â€Å"new scientific method of studying the world by insisting on scrupulous objectivity and logical reasoning.† Many scientists of the same time period agreed with their discoveries claiming that these philosophers â€Å"simply amplified human understanding of creation.† Although some viewed this as a glorious discovery there were also difficulties and challenges to still be faced. Many people of this time had trouble accepting new ideas and discoveries especially those who were highly religious. The church and many church authorities were not accepting of this disc overy and strongly disagree with these findings. In today’s society many discoveries and ideas are presented and rejected due to the churches rigid beliefs and beliefs of nonconformist. Abortion and abstinence is still a controversial topic today and not thoroughly accepted. Galileo an astronomer, mathematical and physicist discovered the telescope, which lead to the confirmation of the Copernican theory. This theory was previously banned by the church from being taught which Galileo was put under house arrest for and soon after sentenced to death by the church. Although people may believe that being sentenced to death by the church does not occur these days, recently in Africa a woman was sentenced to death for adultery because it is illegal by Muslim society still faces the same challenges and difficulties because people cannot accept new ideas and beliefs. The Role of Art in Contemporary Society has taken on a historical meaning. When people these days visit a well... Free Essays on Art History Essay Free Essays on Art History Essay There were many difficulties and challenges dealt with in the seventeenth century, some which have many similarities to difficulties and challenges in today’s society. During the 17th Century; also known as the Baroque Period, many investigations and discoveries formed and changed the way society viewed the world. For example 2 philosophers of this time, and Rene Descartes’ established a â€Å"new scientific method of studying the world by insisting on scrupulous objectivity and logical reasoning.† Many scientists of the same time period agreed with their discoveries claiming that these philosophers â€Å"simply amplified human understanding of creation.† Although some viewed this as a glorious discovery there were also difficulties and challenges to still be faced. Many people of this time had trouble accepting new ideas and discoveries especially those who were highly religious. The church and many church authorities were not accepting of this disc overy and strongly disagree with these findings. In today’s society many discoveries and ideas are presented and rejected due to the churches rigid beliefs and beliefs of nonconformist. Abortion and abstinence is still a controversial topic today and not thoroughly accepted. Galileo an astronomer, mathematical and physicist discovered the telescope, which lead to the confirmation of the Copernican theory. This theory was previously banned by the church from being taught which Galileo was put under house arrest for and soon after sentenced to death by the church. Although people may believe that being sentenced to death by the church does not occur these days, recently in Africa a woman was sentenced to death for adultery because it is illegal by Muslim society still faces the same challenges and difficulties because people cannot accept new ideas and beliefs. The Role of Art in Contemporary Society has taken on a historical meaning. When people these days visit a well...

Geology and Wildlife of the Appalachian Mountains

Geology and Wildlife of the Appalachian Mountains The Appalachian Mountain Range is an ancient band of mountains that stretches in a southwestern arc from the Canadian province of Newfoundland to central Alabama, the heart of southeastern United States. The highest peak in the Appalachians is Mount Mitchell (North Carolina) which lies at an elevation of 6,684 feet above sea level. Habitat Classification The habitat zones found within the Appalachian Mountain Range may be classified as follows: Ecozone: TerrestrialEcosystem: Alpine / MontaneRegion: NearcticPrimary Habitat: Temperate forestSecondary Habitats: Mixed deciduous forest (also known as southern hardwood forest), southern Appalachian forest, transition forest, and boreal forest Wildlife The wildlife a person might encounter in the Appalachian Mountains includes a wide variety of animals: Mammals (moose, white-tailed deer, black bears, beaver, chipmunks, rabbits, squirrels, foxes, raccoons, opossums, skunks, groundhogs, porcupines, bats, weasels, shrews, and minks)Birds (hawks, woodpeckers, warblers, thrushes, wrens, nuthatches, flycatchers, sapsuckers, and grouses)Reptiles and amphibians (frogs, salamanders, turtles, rattlesnakes, and copperheads) Plants A hiker along the Appalachian Trail would see plenty of plant life as well. More than 2,000 species of plants are believed to live along the mountain range, with 200 species living only in the southern Appalachians. Rhododendron,  azalea, and  mountain laurel are among those producing flowers. A multitude of tree species includes red  spruce, balsam  fir, sugar maple,  buckeye,  beech,  ash,  birch,  red oak,  white oak, poplar,  walnut,  sycamore, yellow poplar, buckeye, eastern hemlock, and  chestnut oak. Mushrooms, ferns, mosses, and grasses also are abundant. Geology and History The Appalachians were formed during a series of collisions and separations of tectonic plates that began 300 million years ago and continued through the Paleozoic and Mesozoic Eras. When the Appalachians were still forming, the continents were in different locations than today, and North America and Europe had collided. The Appalachians were once an extension of the Caledonian mountain chain, a chain that is today in Scotland and Scandinavia. Since their formation, the Appalachians have undergone extensive erosion. The Appalachians are a geologically complex range of mountains that are a mosaic of folded and uplifted plateaus, parallel ridges and valleys, metamorphosed sediments and volcanic rock layers. Conservation The rich forests and coal veins provided industry to an often impoverished area. But the aftermath sometimes left areas of the Appalachians devastated with air pollution, dead trees, and acid rain. Several groups are working to conserve the habitat for future generations as the native species also face threats from urbanization and climate change. Where to See Wildlife The 2,100-mile Appalachian Trail is a favorite of hikers, running from Springer Mountain in Georgia to Mount Katahdin in Main. Shelters are posted along the route for overnight stays, though it isnt necessary to hike the entire trail to enjoy its beauty. For those who would rather drive, the Blue Ridge Parkway runs 469 miles from Virginias Shenandoah National Park to the  Great Smoky Mountains National Park  in North Carolina and Tennessee. Some of the places you can see wildlife along the Appalachians include: Appalachian National Scenic Trail (stretches from Maine to Georgia)Cuyahoga Valley National Park (Ohio)Great Smoky Mountains National Park (North Carolina and Tennessee)Shenandoah National Park (Virginia)White Mountain National Forest (New Hampshire and Maine)

Human Resource Information Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Human Resource Information Systems - Essay Example The HR departments came under pressure with routine work trying to cope with administration and providing more services online, that they could not provide value-added services such as knowledge management, culture management, and strategic direction and renewal. Gradually the focus shifted from playing a purely technical administrative role to being actively involved in the strategic planning and management of an organization. It became essential to add value to enhance competitive advantage. The second perceived need was to incorporate IT in HRM practices. HR functions were transferred to digital formats and even though technology is underutilized, it is increasingly being used in functions such as recruitment, selection, training, promoting, terminating and in complying with legal requirements. IT systems led to the introduction of e-HRM which saves time and costs particularly with online recruitment and training systems. While HRIS can bring substantial savings to an organization , it is necessary that the managers and employees understand the benefits of the new system and are actually ready to use it. Getting the system to adapt to a new system is the greatest difficulty according to Beulen (2009). E-HRM can increase the amount of information provided to people as they obtain online access to HRM policy and practice handbooks. Online notification of holidays and other events facilitate strategic processes while people can even register for training courses online (Paauwe & Farndale, 2004, p11). E-HRM enables help people be constantly ready for change while encouraging online training and learning activities. It also facilitates collaboration between individuals through discussion groups and video-conferencing. It is also known to enhance employee interaction, work-life balance as they can deal with certain personal tasks while at work. In addition to improved accuracy, timely and

Scientific Standing of Alfred Russell Wallace Essay

Scientific Standing of Alfred Russell Wallace - Essay Example This essay describes the researchers and scientific standings of Alfred Russell Wallace. Today, scientists have firmly asserted that all phenomena have scientific explanations and thus can be replicated through scientific methodology. Science has indeed become one the strong pillars of knowledge which has helped mankind achieve such human feats which have made life comfortable. Alfred Russell Wallace devoted most of his life in studying the problems of the species. He studied 125,600 specimens and found nearly 1000 new species in the 8 years that he spent in Borneo. He was considered to be an expert in biogeography which specialises in the formulation of distribution of animal species and the term ‘Wallace’s line’ a boundary that separates species invasion from Asia and Australia is still popularly used in scientific arena. Wallace wrote 22 books and 747 essays, articles and papers in his lifetime. It is stated that 508 of the 747 essays and articles were of scien tific research which clearly proclaim Wallace’s scientific achievement and the scientific temperament which his fraternity does not fully acknowledges. The scientific establishment of that era was not much amused by the revelations of Wallace. The researcher then concluds that it was the time when ‘scientific heroes’ were created, who rejoiced in unravelling the mysteries of the world and which not only provided people with the new lifestyle comforts but their discoveries and inventions went on to take them to the status of God literally.